Eberswalde

Eberswalde is a major town and the administrative seat of the district Barnim in the German Federal State (Bundesland) of Brandenburg, about 50 km northeast of Berlin. Population 42000, geographical location Template:Coor dm. The town is often called Waldstadt (forest town), because of the large forests around it, including the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin. Despite this fact, Eberswalde was an important industrial center until the German Reunification.

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Eberswalde-marktplatz.jpg
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Eberswalde, marketplace

Contents

1 History 2 Transportation 3 Economy 4 Points of interest 4.1 Festivals 4.2 Culinary Traditions 4.3 Language 5 Coat of arms 6 External links

History

The area around Eberswalde was already populated in Paleolithic. Before the establishment of Mark Brandenburg it was the place of a slavic stockade. Here the Gold Depot Treasure, the largest pre-christian gold treasure from the area of today's Germany was found; today the treasure is presented in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.

The town of Everswolde ("forest of the boars") was established in 1254 by the Ascanian margrave Johann I. It was first mentioned in a document dated April 23, 1276 when margrave Albrecht III. resided there. In 1300 it got market rights. From the year 1317 the main trade route between Stettin and Frankfurt (Oder) went through the city. A major fire struck the city in 1499.

After rebuilding the town Eberswalde became the first industrial town of the Mark Brandenburg, with huge metallurgy capacities. Some parts of the town are still named from their past function, like Kupferhammer ("copper hammer"). 1605 till 1620 the important waterway Finow Canal was built.

During the Thirty Years' War Eberswalde has been besieged and conquered several times by nearly every important faction of the war. The general of the Catholic League, Albrecht von Wallenstein, resided in the town, later Gustav II Adolph of Sweden, who did not survive the battle of Lützen, was enbalmed in the town's Maria Magdalena church. Both parties forced the town population to support their troops. After the end of the war only twenty inhabitants of Eberswalde were yet alive, and Eberswalde needed more than a century to recover from its losses.

Between 1743 and 1755 120 families of smithes and metallurgic crafters moved from Thuringia and the Rhineland to Eberswalde. The steam boilers of the first German steam engines were made here. During the 19th century large factories were build in the area of Eberswalde, especially along the Finow Canal. On November 23rd 1877 the first German telephone line was established here.

Eberswalde is the cradle of German radio. In 1923 the world's first radio concert was broadcastet from Eberswalde. In 1929 Werner Forssmann made an incision into his antecubical vein and fed a catheter into the his own heart when he worked at the hospital in Eberswalde after his graduation. It was the world's first catheterization. Although he was fired from the hospital for this, he received his Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956.

World War II did not affect the town a lot. The worst damage Eberswalde had to encounter was of Nazi fanatics practicing Scorched Earth when the Red Army crossed the Oder River.

In 1970 Eberswalde was united with the city of Finow under the name Eberswalde-Finow. In 1993 the name Eberswalde was restored.

Transportation

Eberswalde has access to the federal streets B 2 and B 167 and the Autobahns BAB 11 and E 28. It is located on the railroad lines from Berlin to Szczecin, and is the starting point of the railroad lines to Templin and Frankfurt (Oder). The town and its industrial parks can also be accessed through the waterways Oder Havel Canal and Finow Canal. Eberswalde also has an airport.

Until 1940 the town maintained some trams, which have been replaced by Trolleybuses. Eberswalde, Solingen and Esslingen are the only German towns where Trolleybuses are still in operation.

Economy

needs work

Points of interest

Festivals

Carnival

Compared to other towns of the region, Eberswalde has quite a huge Carnival society. It was brought to Eberswalde from Bavaria and from the Rhineland, both are standing for different Carnival traditions. That's why Carnival is celebrated in two independent festivals at the same time, they are called Karneval and Fasching.

Rock me Magdalena

Rock me Magdalena is a rock concert in the Maria Magdalena church of Eberswalde, taking place every December 25th.

Filmfest Eberswalde

Since 2004 there is the annual Eberswalde Movie Festival for Independent Film and Documentations.

Culinary Traditions

There are some foods that are associated with Eberswalde. The most important of them are Eberswalder Spritzkuchen (a special pastry that was invented 1832 in Eberswalde) and Eberswalder Würstchen (sausages).

Language

The tongue spoken in the region of Eberswalde is often called Eberswalder Kanaldeutsch (canal German). It is not an independent german dialect, but a very extreme mix of the Berlin Dialect and a bit of East Low German. Other forms of Kanaldeutsch, that are derived from the Eberswalde form, nearly developed back to the Berlin Dialect. That's why Eberswalder Kanaldeutsch is the only one that is in fact sometimes considered as an independent german dialect.

Coat of arms

The emblem shows an green oak tree and above the oak tree a red eagle. Towards the oak's bole stand two black boars. The flag of Eberswalde is a black/white/green tricolour with the crest in the middle.

External links

• Official website (German) (http://www.eberswalde.de)
• On the Finow Canal (translated story) (http://www.mike.clarke.zen.co.uk/otfc.htm)

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