Lower Silesia
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Lower Silesia (Polish: Dolny Śląsk, Latin: Silesia Inferior, German: Niederschlesien) is the north-western part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia in Poland, located along the middle Odra River and organized into Lower Silesian Voivodship, (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie) with capital Wrocław
It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra voivodships as a result of Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998. The voivodship's name recalls the region's traditional name of Lower Silesia.
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Overview
Population: 2.987 million
Area: 19,946 km².
The capital and biggest city : Wrocław
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Major cities and towns: (population in 1995):
- Wrocław (642,700);
- Wałbrzych (139,600);
- Legnica (108,000);
- Jelenia Góra (93,500);
- Lubin (83,500);
- Głogów (74,200);
- Świdnica (64,800);
- Bolesławiec (44,400);
- Oleśnica (38,900);
- Dzierżoniów (38,300);
- Bielawa (34,600);
- Zgorzelec (36,800);
- Oława (31,800).
- Kłodzko (30,900);
- Nowa Ruda (27,200);
- Jawor (25,600);
- Świebodzice (24,700);
- Lubań (24,400);
- Kamienna Góra (23,600);
- Polkowice (21,600);
Other cities: Chojnów, Złotoryja (both under 20,000).
Administrative divisions
Most popular surnames in the region
History
History: Silesia (Prussian Province) from 1870 to 1945. See also: Silesia (historical region it forms part of)
Tourism: Most tourists visit the famous ski resorts in Karkonosze mountains with its centres Szklarska Poręba and Karpacz. The cities of Wrocław, Jelenia Góra and Legnica also are famous for visitors.
Early History
Early documents mention a number of tribes believed to have lived in Lower Silesia. A Bavarian geographer (ca. 845) reported the Slenzanie (from which it is believed Silesia takes its name) and Dziadoshanie tribes, while a document of the bishopric of Prague (1086) listed the Zlasane, Trebovane, Poborane, and Dedositze tribes. At the same time Upper Silesia was inhabited by the Opolanie, Lupiglaa, and Golenshitse tribes. In the 9th and 10th centuries the territory was subject to the Moravian and then Bohemian rulers of the neighbouring area covered by today's Czech Republic. In 990 Silesia was incorporated into Poland by Mieszko I.
Feudal Fragmentation of Poland
Silesia was split into Lower and Upper parts in 1172 during the period of Poland's feudal fragmentation, when the land was divided between two sons of Ladislaus the Exile (Władysław Wygnaniec): Bolesław the Tall ruling over the Lower Silesia with the capital in Wroclaw and Mieszko Plątonogi ruling over Upper Silesia with the capital in Opole.
Later Silesia was divided into as many as 17 duchies.
Duchies of Lower Silesia in XIV century:
- Wrocław (Breslau)
- Brzeg (Brieg)
- Oleśnica (Oels)
- Legnica (Liegnitz)
- Ziębice (Münsterberg)
- Swidnica (Schweidnitz)
- Glogow (Glogau)
- Nysa (Neisse)
- Żagań-Szprotawa (Sagan - Sprottau)
- Krosno Odrzańskie-Ścinawa (Krossen - Steinau)
The Bohemian Crown and Austria (1348-1742)
In 1348 most of the Silesian duchies were ruled by the Polish-speaking Piast dukes under the feudal overlordship of Bohemian kings, and thus became part of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1526 Silesia fell to Austrian rule under the Habsburg dynasty.
In Prussia (1742-1945)
Most of Silesia became Prussian in 1742 after the First Silesian War and turned into the Silesian province, divided into the districts of Lower Silesia (Liegnitz), Middle Silesia (Breslau), and Upper Silesia (Oppeln). After World War I, Upper Silesia was divided between Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia. The German portion was reorganized into two provinces: Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia.
In Poland (after 1945)
After World War II most of Lower Silesia was assigned to Poland by the Allies and reorganized into Wrocław Voivodship (1945-1975). The German population was forcefully expelled. As a result of Local Government Reorganisation Act (1975) Poland's administration was reorganized into 49 voivodships, 4 of them in Lower Silesia: Jelenia Góra Voivodship, Legnica Voivodship, Wałbrzych Voivodship and Wrocław Voivodship (1975-1998). As a result of Local Government Reorganisation Act of 1998, these 4 provinces were joined into the Lower Silesian Voivodship (effective 1 January 1999), whose capital is Wrocław.
See also
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| Voivodships of Poland Greater Poland | Kuyavia-Pomerania | Lesser Poland | Łódź | Lower Silesia | Lublin | Lubusz | Masovia | Opole | Podlachia | Pomerania | Świętokrzyskie | Silesia | Subcarpathia | Warmia and Masuria | West Pomerania | |
| Principal cities Warsaw | Łódź | Kraków | Wrocław | Poznań | Gdańsk | Szczecin | Bydgoszcz | Lublin | Katowice | Białystok | Częstochowa | Gdynia | Gorzów Wlkp. | Toruń | Radom | Kielce | Rzeszów | Olsztyn | |
da:Niederschlesien
no:Nedre Schlesien
pl:Dolny Śląsk
id:Provinsi Dolnoslaskie
bg:Долносилезко воеводство
de:Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien
fr:Voïvodie de Basse-Silésie
ja:ドルヌィ・シロンスク県
pl:Województwo dolnośląskie