Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
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Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, 175 U.S. 528 (1899) was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It is a landmark case, for it allowed the segregation of races in American schools. The Supreme Court overturned this decision in Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
In 1897, the board levied a tax in Richmond County, Georgia. With this tax it supported only the white schools. Colored parents and tax payers objected to this tax, and filed a lawsuit. The case was argued before the supreme court of Georgia, after that it came before the federal Supreme Court as a challage to the constitutionality of the tax law.
The case was lost by the plaintiffs, and this decision gave legal standing to the segregation of schools.
The decision defends this with economic arguments, among others. It claims that there are many more colored children than white children in the area, and that the board could not afford to supply everyone with education. The court argued that there was a choice between educating 60 white children and educating no one.
The Supreme Court denied that it had any jurisdiction to interfere in the decisions of the state courts. The decision stated:
- "Under the circumstances disclosed, we cannot say that this action of the state court was, within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment, a denial by the state to the plaintiffs and to those associated with them of the equal protection of the laws or of any privileges belonging to them as citizens of the United States, .... the education of the people in schools maintained by state taxation is a matter belonging to the respective states, and any interference on the part of Federal authority with the management of such schools cannot be justified except in the case of a clear and unmistakable disregard of rights secured by the supreme law of the land."
The 'hostility to the colored population' is addressed in the final remark as follows:
- "If, in some appropriate proceeding instituted directly for that purpose, the plaintiffs had sought to compel the board of education, out of the funds in its hands or under its control, to establish and maintain a high school for colored children, and if it appeared that the board's refusal to maintain such a school was in fact an abuse of its discretion and in hostility to the colored population because of their race, different questions might have arisen in the state court."
See also
- Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896)
External links
- Full text of the decision courtesy of Findlaw.com (http://laws.findlaw.com/us/175/528.html)