Cross-validation
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In statistics cross-validation is the practice of partitioning a sample of data into subsamples such that analysis is initially performed on a single subsample, while further subsamples are retained "blind" in order for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis.
Cross-validation is important in guarding against testing hypotheses suggested by the data, especially where further samples are hazardous, costly or impossible (uncomfortable science) to collect.