Corymbia ficifolia
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| Red Flowering Gum | ||||||||||||||
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 Red Flowering Gum in flower. Note the pest European Wasp feeding. | ||||||||||||||
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Corymbia ficifolia or the Red Flowering Gum (previously known as Eucalyptus ficifolia) is one of the most commonly planted ornamental trees in the broader eucalyptus family. It is native to a very small area of south coastal Western Australia (measured in just tens of kilometres) around Albany, but is not considered under threat in the wild.
The common name, "Red Flowering Gum" is often used, but generally not to indicate Corymbia ficifolia in particular as opposed to it and other similar looking trees. The name is also something of a misnomer; all gums flower, many are red, Corymbia ficifolia is not really a "gum" but a bloodwood, and its flowers can be any shade between pale cream, through pink, to red, orange or deep crimson.
In nature Corymbia ficifolia prefers infertile, sandy soils but it is readily adaptable to most temperate locations, provided it is not exposed to severe frost or sustained tropical damp. It is an ideal street tree as it is hardy, moderately fast growing, and rarely grows large enough to require pruning.
It is difficult to graft but grows well from seed, typically taking about 7 years before it flowers for the first time and 15-20 years to reach something approaching its full size of anything between 2-8 m. For the home gardener, buying a "red flowering gum" from a nursery is something of an adventure: it may or may not be a ficifolia, and the flower colour does not breed true - there is no way to find out what colour the flowers will be short of planting a seedlings and waiting for it to reach maturity.
Corymbia ficifolia is a close relative of the West Australian Marri or Port Gregory Gum (Corymbia calophylla). The Marri is widespread in southern WA. Although in the wild it can grow much larger than Corymbia ficifolia (up to 50 m tall), under cultivation this size is rare.
The two species can be very difficult to tell apart. There is no single reliable method: it is generally necessary to consider a range of factors, to be aware that they crossbreed readily, and to recall that species is an artificial human concept that nature does not always obey.
Corymbia calophylla tends to have:
- White to pink flowers but varies a great deal.
- Tends to lighter bark.
- Prolific flowering
- Buds generally green
- Leaves often broader relative to length (but very variable).
Corymbia ficifolia:
- Tends to have orange to red flowers, but can be almost white, pink, or deep crimson.
- Tends to have darker bark
- Very prolific flowering
- Buds can be any colour: pink, reddish, pale or green.
- Leaves tend to be longer relative to width.
Most individual examples are clearly one species or the other, but even experts cannot always tell the difference, particularly as many cultivated trees are crossbreeds.
Both species are unusual in that they mainly grow only in spring, which means that the flower heads (which blossom in late summer) are outside the bulk of the foliage and very visible. Both species share the habit of flowering heavily only every second year; typically parts of a given tree will flower one year and other parts the next, but this varies greatly: in typical corymbia fashion, each individual tree seems to have its own particular habits.
External links
- Flora of Western Australia (http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/flora?f=273&level=s&id=17103)