Communist Party of Peru
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Communist Party of Peru is a political name used by different left-oriented organizations. Some are still active, others have disappeared and some joined the ranks of Shining Path or the MRTA.
According to Broadleft.org [1] (http://www.broadleft.org/pe.htm), the oldest communist party in Peru is the Partido Comunista Peruano - Unidad [2] (http://pcp.miarroba.com), founded in 1928, by José Carlos Mariátegui.
There is another party that also considers itself the communist party of Peru: Partido Comunista del Peru Patria Roja [3] (http://www.patriaroja.org.pe), founded in 1970, and is now headed by Alberto Moreno. It descends from the mainstream fraction of PCP-Bandera Roja, which, in turn, originated as a Maoist fraction within the Partido Comunista Peruano.
Both PCP-Bandera Roja and PCP-Unidad are named after their traditional press organs; the name "PCP-Unidad" is an informal designation - the official name of the PCP-Unidad is simply "Partido Comunista Peruano". There was a fraction called PCP-Mayoria around 1980: its members considered that PCP-Unidad had taken a Eurocommunist turn - they preferred a more hard-line Soviet stance themselves.
There are a few more groups that also consider themselves the communist party of Peru, with the Shining Path being the best known. This group, widely regarded as terrorist, is an offshoot of PCP-Bandera Roja, having splintered from it in the early 1970s. The Shining Path considers PCP-Patria Roja and PCP-Unidad to be revisionist; it has assassinated several of their militants and elected officials.
Political Parties that have used the name
the Peruvian Communist Party was founded with the name of Peruvian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista del Perú) by José Carlos Mariátegui, it is considerated the 1st Communist Party of Peru.
Some Political Parties that also claimed the name (or its true meaning):
- Communist Party - Red Star
- Communist Party of Peru (Red Fatherland)
- Communist Party of Peru (Marxist-Leninist)
- Communist Party of Peru (Unity)
- Peruvian Communist Party (Red Flag)
- Proletarian Party of Peru
- Revolutionary Communist Party (Working Class)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party (marxist-leninist)
- Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian)
- Revolutionary Workers Party (Peru)
- Socialist Party of Peru
- Worker Peasant Student and Popular Front
- Workers Revolutionary Party (Peru)
The United Left movement was a loose alliance of several of this leftlist parties that gained a strong political presence in the decade of 1980.