Biennial flight review
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The biennial flight review (usually abbreviated BFR) is a review required of every active holder of a US pilot certificate at least every two years. The BFR consists of at least 1 hour of ground instruction and 1 hour in-flight with a qualified instructor.
While failure to achieve or successfully complete this review will lead to the suspension of Pilot in Command (PIC) privileges until completed, the FAA and instructors are quick to point out that it is not a test. There is no pass or fail criteria, although the instructor giving it can refuse to sign your log-book as having completed it.
Long-time inactive pilots must complete this review to the satisfaction of the instructor before being able to act as PIC.
A flight test (administered by an FAA representative or Designated Pilot Examiner) that leads to a new certificate or rating may be substituted for the BFR. Completing a phase of the FAA's safety-oriented "Wings" program can also be used.