Bektashi
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The Bektashi order is a Dervish order which has evolved into a religious sect of Islam. It was founded in the 13th century by a Turk from Khurasan, Hajji Bektash Wali, but did not reach its definitive form until 16th century Turkey. The Bektashi claim to be part of the Shia order of Islam, though the order denies many of the basic Islamic principles, placing it outside the fold of Islam.
Beliefs
The bektashi belief is based on the trinity ALLAH-MUHAMMED-ALI. (GOD - PROPHET - SAINT). In the Balkans the Christian practices of confession and the ritual sharing of bread were adopted. Women take part in rituals alongside men; and wine is often used despite being considered haram (forbidden) by most Muslims.
History
The Bektashi order found nearly all of its support in Turkey (where they are closely linked with the Alevis) and the Balkans, especially in Albania. However, the Bektashi were important beyond their numbers because they dominated the Ottoman Janissaries. When Kemal Atatürk banned all Sufi orders in Turkey in 1925, most of the Bektasi leadership moved from Turkey to Albania and set up headquarters in the current Albanian capital of Tirana. These headquarters were shut down in 1967 when the communist Albanian government banned all religion. The significance of this action is debatable due to the sect status the Bektashi Order had become. Approximately 20% of Albanians identify themselves as Bektashi. Several important poets are thought to have been Bektashi, such as Yunus Emre, but the number is often exaggerated. It is unlikely, for example, that Ismail I was a Bektashi. The order was centralized in urban, aristocratic, intellectual communitie. The Bektashi Order began for upperclass Turks who wished to live a non-traditional, largely mystical, Islamic Bohemian lifestyle, and eventually spread to commoners becoming the national religion in Albania.
External links
- The Bektashi Order of Dervishes (http://www.hermetics.org/bektashi.html)de:Bektaschi
el:Μπεκτασί Ντερβίς Albania has no official religion but they are the majority