Apportionment
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Apportionment is the process of distributing seats among different sectors. This is usually done proportionally to the population in the individual sectors. The United States, for instance, delimits the House seats proportionally between states. It is also applied in elections to distribute seats between party lists. Different apportionment schemes are the Jefferson method, the Webster method, the Huntington-Hill method, and the Hamilton method.
See also: Malapportionment, United States Congressional apportionment, Apportionment in the European Parliament.