Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic science fiction

Apocalyptic science fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction that is concerned with the end of civilization, through nuclear war, plague, or some other general disaster.

Post-apocalyptic science fiction is set in a world or civilization after such a disaster. The time frame may be immediately after the catastrophe, focusing on the travails or psychology of survivors, or considerably later, often including the theme that the existence of pre-catastrophe civilization has been forgotten or mythologized. The fall of civilization may also be the fall of a space based civilization. This plot device allows writers to write soft science fiction while accounting for the lack of technological advancement and thus remain relevant to the present day no matter how far in the future the events are set.

There is a considerable degree of blurring between this form of science fiction and that which deals with false utopias or dystopic societies.

Contents

1 Criticism 2 Examples (listed by nature of the catastrophe) 2.1 World War III 2.2 Pandemic 2.3 Astronomic impact (meteorites) 2.4 Alien invasion 2.5 Ecological catastrophe 2.6 The computers take over 2.7 The decline and fall of the human race 2.8 After the fall of space-based civilization 2.9 The Sun's expansion 2.10 Various 2.11 To be categorized 3 See also 4 External links

Criticism

The use of post-apocalyptic contexts in movies and the typical accompanying imagery, such as endless deserts or damaged cityscapes, clothing made of leather and animal skins, and marauding gangs of bandits, is now common and the subject of frequent parody.

The number of apocalyptic-themed B-movies in the 1980s and 1990s has been attributed to film producers on post-apocalyptic films working around their low production budgets by renting scrapyards, unused factories, and abandoned buildings, saving them the cost of constructing sets. As a result, many films that would have been rejected by major studios on the basis of script or concept ended up being made, while others had their settings and stories converted to a post-apocalyptic setting following the success of the Mad Max series.

Examples (listed by nature of the catastrophe)

World War III

• Alas Babylon - Pat Frank's novel
• The Japanese manga and 1988 anime film Akira by Katsuhiro Otomo
• The Amtrak Wars epic novel series by Patrick Tilley
• Ape and Essence, a screenplay-novel by Aldous Huxley
• Apokalipsa wedlug Pana Jana - Robert J. Szmidt's novel
• Autobahn nach Poznan - Andrzej Ziemianski's short story
• A Boy and His Dog - Harlan Ellison's short story and 1975 film
• A Canticle for Leibowitz, Walter M. Miller, Jr's novel
• The novel Children of The Dust by Louise Lawerence
• The Chrysalids (US title: Re-Birth) by John Wyndham
• Damnation Alley - Roger Zelazny's novel, and the film made of it
• Dark Universe - Daniel F. Galouye's novel from 1961
• The Day After, a 1983 film about the effects of nuclear war on a Kansas town
• Delicatessen - Marc Caro's black comedy
• Deathlands - by James Axler -A series of books set a hundred years after a nuclear exchange between the US and USSR in 2001 destroys most of the world
• Deus Irae - Philip K. Dick (in collaboration with Roger Zelazny).
• Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? - Philip K. Dick
• Down to a Sunless Sea - David Graham's novel of the last plane out of a fall-of-Saigon-like New York City
• Dr Bloodmoney - Philip K. Dick
• Fallout series - The computer role-playing game
• Fail-safe - The novel by Eugene Burdick, the movie of the same name, and the television live-action play name Fail Safe.
• Farnham's Freehold - Robert A. Heinlein
• Gamma World- The Role-playing game from TSR, Inc., the makers of Dungeons & Dragons.
• The Gate to Women's Country, a novel by Sheri S. Tepper
• Gibbon's Decline and Fall, a novel by Sheri S. Tepper
• The Handmaid's Tale, a novel by Margaret Atwood
• The short film La Jetée (1962) by Chris Marker
• The short story Let The Ants Try written by Frederik Pohl under the pseudonym James MacCreigh.
• Level 7 - Mordecai Roshwald's novel
• Logan's Run by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson, and the film based on it.
• The Mad Max trilogy
• The Morrow Project - The Role-playing game from Timeline Ltd.
• Mortal Engines, a novel by Phillip Reeve
• Neuroshima - The Polish Role-playing game from Portal Publishing
• On The Beach - Nevil Shute's novel, and the films based on it.
• Pebble in the Sky by Isaac Asimov. (A later book, Robots and Empire, gave a different explanation.)
• The Penultimate Truth - Philip K. Dick
• The Planet of the Apes film series
• The Postman - David Brin's novel and the 1997 movie of the same name.
• Red Alert by Peter George and Dr. Strangelove, the Stanley Kubrick movie made from that novel.
• Red Dawn - John Milius' 1984 movie.
• Riddley Walker - Russell Hoban's novel
• Sexmisja - The Polish movie
• the Shanarra Series by Terry Brooks, a fantasy book set after WWIII destroys all technology and warps the human race into other species.
• The Survivalist series by Jerry Ahern (first novel Total War from 1981)
• Swan Song by Robert R. McCammon
• The film Testament
• The film Threads
• Twilight: 2000 - The Role-playing game from Game Designer's Workshop
• V for Vendetta by Alan Moore
• The Vampire Hunter D novels and anime films, set ten thousand years after a nuclear war occurs in 1999.
• The film The War Game by Peter Watkins
• WarGames - The 1983 movie (a boy hacking into a NORAD computer almost triggers it)
• Wasteland - The computer role-playing game.
• Wizards - Ralph Bakshi's film about a good wizard and his evil brother some two milennia after Armageddon
• The World Jones Made - Philip K. Dick
• Yellow Peril, a Chinese novel by activist Wang Lixiong under the pseudonym Bao Mi, about a nuclear civil war in the People's Republic of China.

Pandemic

• The novel Blood Music (1985) (and the 1983 novelette of the same name) by Greg Bear
• The novel The Children of Men, written by P.D. James
• The novel Earth Abides (1949) by George R. Stewart.
• The novel Full Circle by Michael Boyle (http://www.geocities.com/jeanboyle2/Index.html)
• The novel A Gift Upon the Shore by M.K. Wren
• The novel I Am Legend by Richard Matheson, filmed as The Last Man On Earth and The Omega Man.
• The novel The Last Man by Mary Shelley
• The novel Some Will Not Die (1954) by Algis Budrys
• The novel and miniseries The Stand by Stephen King, filmed as 'The Stand'
• The novella The Scarlet Plague (1912) by Jack London.
• The 1980 Japanese film Fukkatsu no Hi a.k.a. Virus, directed by Kinji Fukasaku
• The films Twelve Monkeys and 28 Days Later
• 2004 film version of Dawn of the Dead
• The Showtime cable television series Jeremiah, based on the comic of the same name.
• The BBC television series Survivors, written by Terry Nation
• The manga Eden: It's an Endless World by Hiroki Endo
• The comic series Y: The Last Man features a lone man & his monkey in a world populated only by women, series written by Brian K. Vaughan and published by Vertigo.
• The FX movie Smallpox

Astronomic impact (meteorites)

• The film Armageddon
• The film Deep Impact
• Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle
• The film Meteor
• The animated series Thundarr the Barbarian
• The film When Worlds Collide
• The anime Cowboy Bebop
• The Visitor, a novel by Sheri S. Tepper

• The anime series Mobile Suit Gundam talks of the impact of a massive meteor-sized space colony on Earth. A spinoff, Gundam Wing, involved a plot to do the same, although it does not occur.

Alien invasion

• The novel The Alien Years (1998) by Robert Silverberg
• The novel Battlefield Earth by L. Ron Hubbard and the Razzie award winning movie based on the novel
• The novel Footfall by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle
• The Forge of God by Greg Bear
• The TV Series Futurama
• The anime Genesis Climber Mospeada
• The computer and video game Half Life 2
• The novel The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams
• The film Independence Day
• Invasion of the Body Snatchers
• John Wyndham's novel The Kraken Wakes
• The computer game Manhunter
• Tim Burton's Mars Attacks!
• The Ophiuchi Hotline, Steel Beach, and the rest of the Eight Worlds series, by John Varley
• Robert A. Heinlein's The Puppet Masters
• The anime The Super Dimension Fortress Macross and its sequels
• John Christopher's The Tripods
• The TV-series V
• H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (in several media)

Ecological catastrophe

• The novel Cat's Cradle, by Kurt Vonnegut, in which all the water on Earth freezes
• The film The Day After Tomorrow, written, directed and produced by Roland Emmerich. Based in part on the novel The Coming Global Superstorm by Art Bell & Whitley Strieber
• The novel The Death Of Grass by John Christopher, which was made into the film No Blade Of Grass, in which a virus that destroys plants causes massive famine and the breakdown of society
• The novel Dust by Charles Pellegrino, in which all the insect species on Earth die out, and the ecology crashes as a result
• The novel Eternity Road by Jack McDevitt
• The novel Fallen Angels by Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle, and Michael Flynn, in which space based civilization exists despite the government's wishes during an ice age.
• The novel The Fifth Sacred Thing by Starhawk
• The collection of stories Flight of the Horse by Larry Niven
• The novel Greybeard by Brian Aldiss, in which the human race becomes sterile
• The novel In the Drift by Michael Swanwick (also an Alternate history story), in which the 1979 Three Mile Island reactor incident resulted in a very large release of radioactivity
• The film It's All About Love, written, directed and produced by Thomas Vinterberg
• The novel Make Room! Make Room! by Harry Harrison, which was made into a 1973 film Soylent Green, directed by Richard Fleischer
• The novel Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood
• The film Quintet, directed by Robert Altman
• The novel The Sheep Look Up by John Brunner, in which the United States is overwhelmed by environmental irresponsibility and authoritarianism.
• The film Silent Running, directed by Douglas Trumbull
• The film Waterworld, starring Kevin Costner

The computers take over

• The novel The Adolescence of P 1 by Thomas J. Ryan
• The novel and movie, Colossus: the Forbin Project (not exactly an apocalypse, however)
• The future depicted in the Terminator film series
• The film Alphaville, une étrange aventure de Lemmy Caution by Jean-Luc Godard
• The Matrix trilogy
• The 1909 short story The Machine Stops by E. M. Forster (more machinery than computers)
• The short story and computer game I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream by Harlan Ellison
• Neuroshima, the Polish role-playing game from Portal Publishing.
• The film I, Robot starring Will Smith. Based on the novel by Isaac Asimov

The decline and fall of the human race

• The novel At Winter's End (1988) by Robert Silverberg
• The poem Bedtime Story by George Macbeth
• Gene Wolfe's The Book of the New Sun series
• Arthur C. Clarke's Childhood's End
• The films Dawn of the Dead, Day of the Dead, and Land of the Dead by George Romero
• Planet of the Apes
• The latter part of H. G. Wells' The Time Machine
• The 1974 John Boorman film Zardoz

After the fall of space-based civilization

• Isaac Asimov's Foundation series
• Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda
• Dan Simmons's Endymion & The Rise of Endymion

The Sun's expansion

• The episode The Deconstruction of Falling Stars, of J. Michael Straczynski's Babylon 5
• The episode The End of the World, of the television series Doctor Who

Various

• Much of the work of J. G. Ballard, in which the current era is sometimes described as the pre-Third, referring to World War III.
• Much of John Wyndham's work, e.g. The Day of the Triffids, The Chrysalids, later reprinted in the US as Re-Birth which contain elements of ecological disaster (Web, The Crysalids and The Kraken Wakes), nuclear war (The Crysalids), decline of man as a dominant species (Day of the Triffids and The Midwich Cuckoos) and alien invasion (The Kraken Wakes and possibly The Midwich Cuckoos)
• After London by Richard Jefferies; the nature of the catastrophe is never stated, except that apparently most of the human race quickly dies out, leaving England to revert to nature.
• The Purple Cloud by M.P. Shiel (A volcanic eruption floods the earth with cyanide gas, leaving only two survivors)
• The manga and movie Dragon Head, by Mochizuki Minetaro
• The 1961 film The Day The Earth Caught Fire, directed by Val Guest

To be categorized

• First Spaceship on Venus
• The novel In The Country of Last Thing by Paul Auster
• Aftermath by Gregory Benford
• Nosutoradamusu no daiyogen a.k.a. The Last Days of Planet Earth, a 1974 Japanese film.
• The novels The Peace War (1984) and Marooned in Realtime (1986) (together also know as Across Realtime, 1991) by Vernor Vinge
• Reign of Fire, in which a race of terrifically powerful dragons awakes from sleep and decimates the world.
• The Final Programme, movie based on Michael Moorcock's Jerry Cornelius stories
• The Role-playing Game Rifts, in which a massive release of psychic energy triggers several disasters, as well as various magic-based anomalies.
• Dhalgren by Samuel R. Delany

See also

• Timeline of fictional future events

External links

• Empty World - a website dedicated to apocalyptic fiction (http://www.emptyworld.info/index.html)
• Duck and Cover - A post-apocalyptic theme fan site (http://www.duckandcover.cx)
• Post Apocalyptic Media - A website detailing all mediums involving post-apocalyptic fiction (http://www.pamedia.com)
• Sub-Genre Spotlight: Post-Apocalyptic Science Fiction - an overview of the sub-genre (http://www.irosf.com/q/zine/article/10013)sv:Postapokalyptik