Canadian federal election, 1980
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The Canadian federal election of 1980 was held on February 18, 1980 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. It was called when the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Joe Clark was defeated on a motion of no confidence in the Commons. Clark and his government had been under attack for its perceived inexperience, for example, in its handling of its 1979 election campaign commitment to move Canada's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Clark had maintained uneasy relations with the fourth largest party in the House of Commons, Social Credit. While he needed the six votes that the conservative-populist Quebec-based party had in order to get legislation passed, he was unwilling to agree to the conditions they imposed for their support. Clark had managed to recruit one Socred MP, Richard Janelle, to join the PC caucus.
Clark's Minister of Finance, John Crosbie, introduced an austere government budget in late 1979 that proposed to increase the excise tax on gasoline by 18 cents per Imperial gallon to reduce the federal government's deficit. The five remaining Social Credit MPs demanded that the revenues raised be allocated to Quebec, and decided to abstain from a vote of non-confidence introduced by the New Democratic Party. This resulted in the defeat of the government in the House of Commons, and new elections to be called. Clark's Tories campaigned under the slogan, "Real change deserves a fair chance", but the voters were unwilling to give Clark another chance.
Former Liberal prime minister Pierre Trudeau had resigned from the leadership of the Liberal Party following its defeat in 1979. Trudeau quickly came out of retirement to lead the party to victory, winning 34 more seats than in the 1979 federal election. This enabled the Liberals to form a majority government that would last until its defeat in the 1984 election.
The Social Credit Party lost its last five seats in the House of Commons, and rapidly declined into obscurity after this election.
National results
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Despite winning at least one seat in every province and territory, the Progressive Conservatives lost to the Liberals, who won a majority government. This was mainly because the Liberals won all but one seat in Quebec, and won a majority of the seats in Ontario, Canada's two most populous provinces. The Liberals were shut out west of Manitoba.
| Party | Party Leader | # of candidates | Seats | Popular Vote | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1979 | Dissolution | Elected | % Change | # | % | Change | Liberal | Pierre Trudeau | 282 | 114 | 114 | 147 | +28.9% | 4,855,425 | 44.34% | +4.23%
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row | Progressive Conservative | Joe Clark | 282 | 136 | 136 | 103 | -24.3% | 3,552,994 | 32.45% | -3.44% | New Democratic | Ed Broadbent | 280 | 26 | 27 | 32 | +23.1% | 2,165,087 | 19.77% | +1.89% | Social Credit | Fabien Roy | 81 | 6 | 5 | - | -100% | 185,486 | 1.70% | -2.91% | Rhinoceros | Cornelius I | 121 | - | - | - | 110,597 | 1.01% | +0.46%
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Marxist-Leninist/row | Marxist-Leninist | Hardial Bains | 177 | - | - | - | - | 14,728 | 0.13% | +0.01% | Libertarian | 58 | - | - | - | - | 14,656 | 0.13% | -0.01% | Union Populaire | 54 | - | - | - | - | 14,474 | 0.13% | -0.04% | Independent | 55 | - | - | - | - | 14,472 | 0.13% | -0.13% | Unknown | 41 | - | - | - | - | 12,532 | 0.11% | -0.07% | Communist | William Kashtan | 52 | - | - | - | - | 6,022 | 0.05% | -0.02% | No affiliation | 14 | - | - | - | - | 3,063 | 0.03% | +0.03% | ||||||
| Total | 1,497 | 282 | 282 | 282 | - | 10,934,475 | 100% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sources: http://www.elections.ca,History of Federal Ridings since 1867 (http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/hfer/hfer.asp?Language=E) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
"% change" refers to change from previous election
Changes to party standings from previous election: Social Credit MP Richard Janelle cross the floor to join the PC Party. PC MP John Diefenbaker died during the parliamentary session. A New Democrat was elected in the subsequent by-election.
Results by province
| Party Name | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PE | NL | NT | YK | Total | Liberal | Seats: | - | - | - | 2 | 52 | 74 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | - | - | 147 | Popular Vote: | 22.2 | 22.2 | 24.2 | 28.0 | 41.9 | 68.2 | 50.1 | 39.9 | 46.8 | 47.0 | 35.8 | 39.6 | 44.3
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row | Progressive Conservative | Seats: | 16 | 21 | 7 | 5 | 38 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 103
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives/row | Vote: | 41.5 | 64.9 | 38.9 | 37.7 | 35.5 | 12.6 | 32.5 | 38.7 | 46.3 | 36.0 | 24.7 | 40.6 | 32.4 | New Democratic | Seats: | 12 | - | 7 | 7 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 32 | Vote: | 35.3 | 10.3 | 36.3 | 33.5 | 21.8 | 9.1 | 16.2 | 20.9 | 6.6 | 16.7 | 38.4 | 19.8 | 19.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total seats: | 28 | 21 | 14 | 14 | 95 | 75 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 282 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parties that won no seats: | Social Credit | Vote: | 0.1 | 1.0 | xx | xx | 5.9 | 1.7 | Rhinoceros | Vote: | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.0
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Marxist-Leninist/row | Marxist-Leninist | Vote: | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | xx | xx | xx | 0.1 | 0.1 | Libertarian | Vote: | xx | 0.3 | 0.1 | xx | 0.1 | Union Populaire | Vote: | 0.5 | 0.1 | Independent | Vote: | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | xx | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Unknown | Vote: | xx | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | xx | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | Communist | Vote: | 0.1 | 0.1 | xx | 0.1 | 0.1 | xx | 0.1 | No affiliation | Vote: | xx | 0.1 | 0.1 | xx | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.
Notes
- Number of Parties: 9
- First appearance: none
- Final appearance: Union Populaire
- Final appearance before hiatus: Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada (returned in 1993)