1878 in Canada
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See also: 1877 in Canada, other events of 1878, 1879 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history.
Events
- March 7 - Both the Université de Montréal and the University of Western Ontario are incorporated
- March 8 - Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière becomes premier of Quebec, replacing Sir Charles-Eugène de Boucherville
- June 25 - George Walkem becomes premier of British Columbia for the second time, replacing Andrew Elliott
- September 17 - Federal election: Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservatives win a majority, defeating Alexander Mackenzie's Liberals
- October 16 - John Norquay becomes premier of Manitoba, replacing Robert A. Davis
- October 17 - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes prime minister for the second time, replacing Alexander Mackenzie
- October 22 - Simon Holmes becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Philip Hill
- James Fraser becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing George King
- Anti-Chinese sentiment in British Columbia reaches a high point as the government bans Chinese workers from public works.
Births
- January 13 - Lionel Groulx, historian
- January 22 - Ernest C. Drury, Premier of Ontario
- February 28 - Arthur Roebuck, politician
- April 14 - J. Walter Jones, Premier of PEI
- April 29 - Fawcett G. Taylor, Manitoba politician
- June 14 - Lewis St. George Stubbs, Manitoba politician
- June 20 - Seymour J. Farmer, Manitoba politician
- July 23 - James T.M. Anderson, Premier of Saskatchewan
- August 15 - Thomas Kennedy, Premier of Ontario
- September 18 - William Sherring, athlete
- December 8 - Henry Herbert Stevens, politician
- December 30 - William Aberhart, premier of Alberta