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?: is a noted example of a ternary operator, which is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in C, C++, D, Perl, Ruby, PHP, JavaScript and Java. It is often used in conditional assignment statements.
This ternary operator is used in an expression as follows
condition ? value if true : value if false
The condition is evaluated true or false as a Boolean expression. On the basis of the evaluation of the Boolean condition, the entire expression returns value if true if condition is true, but value if false otherwise. This is similar to the way conditional expressions (if-then-else constructs) work in functional programming languages.
This ternary operator's most common usage is to minimize the amount of code used for a simple conditional assignment statement. (In this case, the expression is converted into a statement by appending a semicolon ; to the expression.) For example, if we wish to implement some C code to change a shop's opening hours to 12 o'clock in weekends, and 9 o'clock on weekdays, we may use
int opening_time = (day == WEEKEND) ? 12 : 9;
instead of the more verbose
int opening_time;
if(day == WEEKEND)
opening_time = 12;
else
opening_time = 9;
The two forms are equivalent. Note that neither value if true nor value if false expressions can be omitted from the ternary operator without an error report upon parsing.