Timeline of programming languages
This is a chronological list of programming languages.See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware.
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2 1950 3 1960 4 1970 5 1980 6 1990 7 2000 |
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pre 1950
Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- Developer, Company* 1840~ FIRST PROGRAM -- Lovelace * 1945 Plankalkül -- Zuse
1950
* 1952 A-0 -- Hopper 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus 1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 * 1959 LISP McCarthy
1960
FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN 1960 COBOL The Codasyl Committee ALGOL 1960 Algol 60 ALGOL 1960 JOSS FORTRAN II 1962 FORTRAN IV * 1962 APL -- Iverson ALGOL60 1962 Simula FORTRAN II 1962 SNOBOL -- Griswold, et al. ALGOL60 1963 CPL -- Barron, Strachey, et al. SNOBOL 1962 SNOBOL3 -- Griswold, et al. CPL LISP 1964 COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone ALGOL60 1964 PL/1 IBM team FORTRAN II, JOSS 1964 BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz FORTRAN II 1966 FORTRAN IV LISP 1966 ISWIM Landin ALGOL60 1966 CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60 CPL 1967 BCPL -- Richards Fortran LISP 1967 MUMPS -- Massachusetts General Hospital Simula 1967 Simula67 SNOBOL3 1967 SNOBOL4 -- Griswold, et al. Algol60 1968 ALGOL 68 -- Wijngaarten, et al. COWSEL 1968 POP-1 -- Burstall, Popplestone1968 Forth -- Moore (first paper, 1970) Lisp 1968 Logo -- Papert
1970
POP-1 1970 POP-2
ALGOL60 1971 Pascal -- Wirth, Jensen
Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Smalltalk--Digitalk
B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie
* 1973 PROLOG -- Colmeraurer
BASIC 1973 COMAL
LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele
BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen
C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan
MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS
FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77
( * 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston)
C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan
( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff )
Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense
1980
C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg * 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language 1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS ( dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket ) ( dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland ) Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer ( * 1987 HyperCard -- Apple ) ( * 1987 SQL-1 ) Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall MATLAB 1988 Octave dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990) Pascal Modula-II 1989 OBERON -- Wirth
1990
1990 Haskell 1984MUMPS 1990 1990 MUMPS 1991 Python -- van Rossum 1991 Q ( SQL-1 1992 SQL-2 ) Turbo-Pascal OOP 1992 Borland Pascal 1993 Brainfuck -- Mueller Perl Smalltalk 1993 Ruby 1993 Lua Ada 83 1995 Ada 95 -- ISO Borland Pascal 1995 Delphi(1) -- Borland C++ Internet OOP 1995 Java -- Sun Microsystems 1990MUMPS 1995 1995 MUMPS Standard ML,84 1997 SML'97 PHP 3 1997 PHP Scheme 1997 Pico -- Free University of Brussels C++ 1998 C++98 -- ANSI/ISO Standard C++
2000
2000 Joy -- von Thun C C++ COM Java 2000 C# -- Microsoft DELPHI(5) 2001 KYLIX -- Borland Whitespace 2003 Whitespace -- Brady and Morris
Things with unknown or questionable dates:
* 197? sh (Bourne Shell) -- Bourne
sh 19?? ksh (Korn Shell) -- Korn
ksh 199? zsh (Z Shell)
HyperCard 199? AppleScript -- Apple
* 1990 Self -- Sun Microsystems Inc
Self Java 199? LiveScript -- Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)
LiveScript 1995 JavaScript -- Netscape
JavaScript 1997 ECMAScript -- ECMA TC39-TG1
2003 Rikstation
Legend:
OLD <> NEW Predecessor(s) etc YEAR PRODUCT -- developer, Company ( Item ) non 'universal programming language' *newly developededition