Laxative
A
laxative is a preparation used for the purpose of encouraging
defecation, or the
elimination of
feces. Laxatives
are most often taken in response to
constipation.
They are also sometimes used before medical procedures. They are often abused
by
bulimics
or
anorexics.
Laxatives are sometimes supplemented by enemas.
Laxative abuse is a problem
that is potentially very serious. Laxative abuse can lead to problems such as
intestinal paralysis.
Laxatives are of several types, listed below. A type
not listed is the combination laxative, which simply means that the laxative has
more than one ingredient, with a combination of effects.
Bulking agents (fiber)
These
include
dietary
fiber. Bulking agents cause the stool to be bulkier and to retain more water,
making it easier for peristaltic action to move it along. Examples: Metamucil,
psyllium seed,
appless
Stool softeners
These cause water and fats
to penetrate the stool, making it easier to move along. Many of these quickly
produce a tolerance effect and so become ineffective with prolongued use. Example:
Doxidan
Hydrating agents (osmotics)
These
cause the intestines to concentrate more water within, softening the stool. There
are two principal types, saline and lactulose. Example:
Milk
of Magnesia Lubricants
These simply make
the stool more slippery, so that it slides through the intestine easier. Example:
mineral oil
Stimulants
(cathartics)
These stimulate peristaltic action, and can be dangerous under
certain circumstances. Example: Ex-Lax, Feen-a-Mint, senna
Carbon-dioxide
releasers
These inflate the bowel to make it easier for the stool to pass
through. This can be painful and even dangerous.
