Japanese translation note

In this encyclopedia, following Japaneses terms are translated to English in such a way below.

(in no particular order)

• 幕藩体制 - shogunate and domain system
• 老中 -　senior councilors
• 若年寄　- junior councilors
• 町奉行　- commissioners of major cities
• 勘定奉行　- commissioners of finance
• 大目付 - inspectors general
• 浮世絵　- ukiyoe wood block printing
• 俳句　- haiku poems
• 読み書きそろばん - the three R's
• 鎖国政策 -　seclusion policy (isolation policy)
• 国もと - province
• 人質　- hostage
• 譜代 -　family's vassals
• 外様 - outside daimyo
• 親藩 -　the Tokugawa family
• 士農工商 - warriors/farmers/artisans/tradesmen
• 石高 - Rice crop
• 関が原の戦い -　the battle of Sekigahara
• 明治維新 - the Meiji Restoration
• 贈り名　- posthumous name
• 文化勲章　- a Cultural Medal
• 国務大臣　- the Ministers of State
• 政令 - order
• 華族　- the nobility
• 八幡製鉄所　- Yawata Steel Works
• 関東大震災 - Great Kanto Earthquake
• 治安維持法　- Peace Preservation Law
• 満州事変　- Manchurian Incident
• 摂政　- regency (摂政 Regent)
• 藤原氏　- Fuiwara clan
• 雛人形　- hina dolls
• 浄土宗　- the Pure Land sect
• 郡 - district
• 青色申告 - blue tax return
• 青色事業専従者 - dependents of a taxpayer submitting a blue tax return
• 赤字原因 - cause of deficit
• 赤字鉄道路線 - deficit-ridden railway line
• 赤字国債 - a national deficit loan
• 赤字財政 - deficit finance
• 赤字団体 - local governments with financial deficit
• 赤字公債 - deficit bond; deficit-covering national bond
• 赤字バス路線 - deficit-ridden bus route
• 赤字予算 - deficit budget
• 赤字路線 - deficit-ridden transport line
• 明るく正しい選挙の推進 - promotion of fair election
• 悪臭対策 - preventive measures against unpleasant odors
• アクセス道路 - access road
• 字 - aza; village or town section in the Japanese addressing system(H)
• 圧縮記帳 - advanced depreciation
• 斡旋 - conciliation; arbitration; negotiation
• 圧力団体 - pressure group; Special interest group
• 奄美群島振興開発事業 - Amami Islands Development Project
• 安全衛生管理者 - safety and sanitation manager
• 安全管理 - safety control; safety management
• 安全厚生推進室 - Safety and Health office
• アンダーパー発行 - issue at under par value
• 安全地帯 - safety zone; safety island; traffic island
• 委員会制度 - committee system
• 育英資金 - student awards; student grants;(scholarship: fellowship)
• 育児休業手当金 - childcare non-work allowance
• 育児休業法 - Law for the Right to Take Leave from Post for Infant Rearing
• 違憲立法審査権 - judicial review of legislative constitutionality

External Links

• http://tokyo.cool.ne.jp/mrphnx/index.html in Japanese