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- Grapefruit (4275 bytes)
1: ...xobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Grapefruit}}
2: ...t of grapefruit]] | caption = A basket of grapefruit}}
10: {{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = ''[[Citrus]]''}}
13: ...ial botany | color = lightgreen | binomial_name =Citrus × paradisi | author = Macfad.}}
16: ...or its [[fruit]], which are also known as grapefruit. - List of U.S. state capitals (5230 bytes)
2: This is a '''list of U.S. state capitals''':
5: ! State !! Capital !! Year of current [[capitol]] construction
13: | [[1923]] — [[1931]]
20: | [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]]
104: | [[Jefferson City, Missouri|Jefferson City]] - History of China (45919 bytes)
2: ... into the Chinese identity. These cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia as well as...
7: ...times, the [[Huang He]] valley began to establish itself as a cultural center, where the first village...
11: ...ological site]]s such as [[Sanxingdui]] and [[Erlitou]] show evidence of a [[Bronze Age]] [[Civilizat...
14: ...asty|Shang]] and [[Zhou Dynasty|Zhou]] dynasties. It is during this period of the ''Three Dynasties'' ...
18: ...Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC)|Zhou]] bronze vessel writings, the Xia remains poorly understood. - List of people by name: Ac (3800 bytes)
5: ...aries, Louis]], (born 1954), boxer, former world title challenger, now promoter
8: ..., Marcel]], (1899-1974), playwrighter and scriptwriter
9: ... Achebe|Achebe, Chinua]], (born 1930), Nigerian writer
12: ...Goodrich Acheson|Acheson, Edward Goodrich]] (1856-1931) - List of people by name: Ag (3474 bytes)
7: *[[Ajit Agarkar|Agarkar, Ajit]], (1977-), Indian cricketer
24: *[[Gianni Agnelli|Agnelli, Gianni]], (1921-2003), Italian industrialist
25: *[[Agnes de Poitou]], (1020-1077), regent of the [[Holy Roman Empi...
26: ...tana Agnesi|Agnesi, Maria Gaetana]], (1718-1799), Italian polymath
27: ..., Spiro]], (1918-1996), [[Vice President of the United States]] - List of people by name: Ai (1915 bytes)
4: ...chel, Jan Santini]], (circa 1670-1723), Czech architect
7: ...d|Aidid, Mohammed Farah]], (1934-1996), Somali politician and clan leader
9: ..., ɴienne]], (1773-1824), translator, political writer, librettist, playwright, member of the Acad魩e...
15: ...[Lucy Aikin|Aikin, Lucy]], (1781-1864), English writer
17: *[[Alvin Ailey|Ailey, Alvin]], (1931-1985), dancer, choreographer - Hattie Caraway (2502 bytes)
1: ...an elected to serve as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]].
7: ...me and her husband practiced law and started a political career.
9: ...te]] where he served until he died in office in [[1931]].
11: ...932]] becoming the first woman elected to the [[United States Senate]]. (''see also: [[Rebecca Latimer...
15: ...ld run for reelection. Populist [[Louisiana]] politician [[Huey Long]] travelled to Arkansas on a 9-d... - Emma Goldman (12210 bytes)
3: ... and was later deported to [[Russia]], where she witnessed events of the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|...
6: ...ds for her anarchist ideas and her independent attitude.
9: ...lly married, allowing her to retain her American citizenship.
12: ==New York City==
13: ... Frick]] made her highly unpopular with the authorities. Berkman (or Sasha as she fondly referred to h... - Isak Dinesen (2959 bytes)
5: ...s]] and French [[Croix de Guerre]] while serving with the [[Canada|Canadian]] army in the [[First Worl...
7: ...tation until the collapse of the coffee market in 1931 forced her to abandon the project.
9: ...tions of short stories; she also wrote a novel entitled ''The Angelic Avengers'', under the pseudonym ...
11: She died in Rungsted, apparently from malnutrition. She had suffered for many years from [[syphi...
15: * ''The Hermits'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the... - Toni Morrison (2576 bytes)
2: ...n '''Chloe Anthony Wofford''', [[February 18]], [[1931]] in [[Lorain, Ohio]].
4: ...er novel [[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]] won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] in [[1988]]. This story de...
6: ...e Morrison's own work in the canon of [[American Literature]].
8: ...rly love]]. She was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in [[1993]], the first African-American ...
10: ...Professor of the Humanities at [[Princeton University]]. - Ayn Rand (18001 bytes)
9: place_of_death=[[New York City]], [[New York]]
11: ...as the ideal and made it the express goal of her literature to showcase such heroes. She believed:
13: ...dividual has a right to exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing self to others nor others to self;...
19: ...present when Ayn chose the name Rand from a typewriter.
22: ...e United States. Her first literary success came with the sale of her screenplay ''[[Red Pawn]]'' in [... - Gertrude Stein (13569 bytes)
1: ...nd catalyst in the development of modern art and literature, who spent most of her life in [[France]].
3: [[Image:Homosexualitystein.jpg|thumb|right|Gertrude Stein and her love...
7: ...legheny, Pennsylvania]] (now the North Side of [[Pittsburgh]]), her family moved to [[Vienna]] and the...
9: ...image:Stein_by_picasso.jpg|thumb|left|326px|Portrait of Gertrude Stein by [[Pablo Picasso]], 1906]]
11: ...o [[France]] during the height of artistic creativity gathering in [[Montparnasse]]. - Amelia Earhart (9225 bytes)
2: ...1897]] - c.[[July 2]], [[1937]]) was a famous [[United States|American]] [[aviator]], known for breaki...
6: ... spent the first twelve years of her life living with her mother's parents.
8: ...tts]]. During this time, she was able to keep up with aviation as a weekend hobbyist. She was even fea...
10: ...hart referred to the marriage as a "partnership" with "dual control."
14: ...pasture near [[Derry]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[United Kingdom]]. She received the [[Distinguished Fly... - Amy Johnson (2606 bytes)
4: ...went to work in [[London]] as secretary to a solicitor. She was introduced to flying as a hobby, gaini...
6: From this, she went on to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer.
8: ...don]]. She received a [[Harmon Trophy]] in recognition of this achievement.
10: ...] in a [[De Havilland]] [[Puss Moth]] co-piloted with [[Jack Humphreys]].
14: In [[1932]], she married the famous British pilot [[Jim Mollison]], who had proposed to he... - Virginia Woolf (9482 bytes)
3: ...war]]s, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the [[Bloomsbury gro...
7: ...stently in dialogue with Bloomsbury, particularly its tendency (informed by [[G.E. Moore]], among othe...
9: ...els and essays as a public intellectual to both critical and popular success. Much of her work was sel...
11: ...e dark," and her literary achievements and creativity are influential even today.
13: ...f life through the art, sexual ambivalence and meditation on the themes of flux of time and life, pres... - Bessie Coleman (4340 bytes)
4: ...d Normal University, Oklahoma (now Langton University) until her funds ran out.
6: ...there with her brothers. She also worked at the White Sox Barber Shop as a manicurist. There she heard...
8: ...fender, who capitalized on her flamboyant personality and her beauty to promote his newspaper, and to ...
10: ...as black and a woman. Coleman was the only non-white student at her French flight school, and she lea...
12: ... newspapers, she was admired by both blacks and whites. In [[1922]], she participated at her first air... - Grace Hopper (7469 bytes)
3: .... Hopper began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931; by [[1941]] she was an [[associate professor]].
5: .... She was the first person to write a program for it. At the end of the war she was discharged from t...
7: ...r versions were released commercially as the [[ARITH-MATIC]], [[MATH-MATIC]] and [[FLOW-MATIC]] compi...
9: ...ine code, such as the [[assembler]]s of the time. It is fair to say that COBOL was based very much on ...
12: ...for a six-month period that turned into an indefinite assignment. She was promoted to Captain in [[19... - Helen Sawyer Hogg (1921 bytes)
5: ...on star clusters. She received her doctorate in [[1931]] from [[Radcliffe College]].
9: ..., a professor emeritus of English at the [[University of Toronto]], who died in [[1988]]. She died of ...
21: ===Obituaries===
22: ...25''' (1993) 1497] (a simple reference to JRASC obituary) --> - Maria Goeppert-Mayer (4176 bytes)
3: ...tant of James Franck. The couple moved to the [[United States]], Mayer's home country.
5: ...ed a Nobel Prize in Physics in [[1963]] together with [[Eugene Paul Wigner]] and [[J. Hans D. Jensen ]...
7: ... like the Earth spinning on its axis as the Earth itself is spinning around the Sun. Maria described t...
9: ...other. Then imagine that in each circle, you can fit twice as many dancers by having one pair go clock...
11: ...d as saying, "winning the prize wasn't half as exciting as doing the work." - Josephine Baker (5957 bytes)
1: ....JPG|thumb|Josephine Baker in a [[burlesque]] outfit]]
3: ...e Black Venus." She became a [[France|French]] [[citizen]] in [[1937]].
5: ...] as a teen, gradually heading toward [[New York City]] during the [[Harlem Renaissance]], performing ...
7: ...d the musicians, adding yet another element of excitement to the show.
9: ...he most sensational woman anyone ever saw." In addition to being a musical star, Baker also starred in... - Sofia Gubaidulina (8325 bytes)
1: ...ı Ğ?dullina''') (born [[October 24]], [[1931]]) is a [[Russia]]n-[[Tatar]] [[composer]] of dee...
3: ...ervatory with Nikolay Peyko until 1959, and then with Shebalin until 1963.
5: ...ing|tunings]]. She was supported, however, by [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], who in evaluating her final exa...
7: ...d Astreja, a folk-instrument improvisation group with fellow composers Victor Suslin and Vyacheslav Ar...
9: ...T. S. Eliot]], using the text from the poet's spiritual masterpiece ''[[Four Quartets]]''. - Bonnie and Clyde (17385 bytes)
3: ... States]] during the [[Great Depression]], often with various members of the [[Barrow gang]].
5: ...s referred to as the [[public enemy era]] between 1931 and 1935, a period which led to the formation of ...
11: ...hey viewed as certain. She was fond of creative writing and the arts. Her poem "The Story of Bonnie an...
15: ...Clyde acted without criminal intent. However, despite holding down "square" jobs during the period 192...
19: ...ght it was anything special. Nobody guessed where it would lead."{{ref|knight}} - Aimee Semple McPherson (13395 bytes)
9: ...eaking career at the age of 13 in this context, writing letters to the newspaper defending [[evolution...
13: ...September 17, after which she returned to the [[United States]].
15: ...er in this work. While so occupied in [[New York City|New York]], she met her second husband, Harold S...
23: ...ullhorn. On the road between sermons, she would sit in the back seat typing sermons and other religio...
25: ...filed for separation. His petition for divorce, citing abandonment, was granted in 1921. - Mother Teresa (22682 bytes)
4: ... [[nun]] and founder of the [[Missionaries of Charity]] whose work among the [[poverty|poor]] of Calcu...
6: ...80]]. She was made an [[Honorary Citizen of the United States]] in [[1996]] (one of only six). She was...
9: ...though most Albanians are [[Muslim]] and the majority of their native Macedonia are [[Macedonian Ortho...
11: ...Loreto]], an [[Ireland|Irish]] community of nuns with a mission in [[Calcutta]].
13: ...al vows in May [[1937]], acquiring the religious title ''Mother Teresa''. - Mata Hari (3970 bytes)
1: ...cted [[espionage|spy]], made her name synonymous with ''[[femme fatale]]'' during [[World War I|WWI]]....
5: ...ve had affairs with many military officers and politicians.
7: ...e ever produced any substantial intelligence for either side. All of the stories about the fortunes of...
11: ...perly. The tale is highly unlikely to be true, as it bears a suspicious resemblance to [[Puccini]]'s p...
13: "[[Harlot]], yes. But [[traitor]]ess? Never!" —attributed to Mata Hari, on... - Odette Sansom (1906 bytes)
5: ...rations Executive]] and return to France to work with the [[French Resistance|French underground]] in ...
7: ...r [[Cannes]] in [[1942]], where she made contact with her supervisor, [[Peter Churchill]]. Using the ...
9: ...pe was that in this way their treatment would be mitigated.
17: Odette was appointed an [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] and was awarded the [[George Cros... - Leni Riefenstahl (8095 bytes)
5: ...ue Light]]'' she took it; her main interest was initially in fictional films.
7: ...ted that she would ever have a relationship with Hitler.
9: ...Olympia_(film)|Olympia]]'', a film celebrated for its technical and aesthetic achievements. She was th...
13: ...r atrocities—a position which many of her critics dismiss as ridiculous.
15: ...istance, protests, sharp criticisms, and an inability to secure funding. The few films she made were s... - Tallulah Bankhead (6331 bytes)
2: ..., [[1902]] - [[December 12]], [[1968]]) was a [[United States]] [[actor|actress]], talk-show host, and...
4: ...II]] ([[1872]]-[[1946]]) (Democrat from Alabama [[1931]]-[[1946]]), and granddaughter of Senator [[John ...
6: ...ily to let her move to New York. She quickly won bit parts, first appearing in a non-speaking role in ...
8: ...e known for her wit, although as screenwriter [[Anita Loos]], another minor Roundtable member said: "S...
10: ... End]]'s -- and [[England]]'s -- best-known celebrities. - Greta Garbo (9957 bytes)
10: ...re, she met the [[Sweden|Swedish]] director [[Mauritz Stiller]]. He trained her in [[film|cinema]] [[a...
12: When Stiller went to the [[United States]] in [[1925]] to work for [[Metro-Goldwy...
17: ...on-and-off affair with the primarily homosexual British photographer [[Cecil Beaton]], to whom she was...
19: ...'' ([[1930 in film|1930]]), which was publicized with the slogan "Garbo Talks." The movie was a huge s...
21: ..., her one-time fianc鬠John Gilbert, whose popularity was waning, did not fare as well after the adven... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...rnicus]] in [[1543]], while others wish to extend it into the [[18th century]]. Nevertheless, the basi...
3: ...science was highly [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]]; at its end, science was [[mathematics|mathematical]], [...
7: ...oses in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
9: ...ed in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other narratives" or alternate ways of knowing,...
11: ...of the causes of the revolution (Margolis, 2002). It may be summarized in the following lists of signi... - North America (12844 bytes)
2: ...te orthographic.jpg|thumb|250px|A satellite composite image of North America]]
4: ...001 its population was estimated at 454,225,000. It can be geographically defined by subtracting [[So...
6: ...areful --> considered to include Canada and the United States, but not Mexico or any of the [[Central ...
7: ...rica is only a subcontinent composed by Canada, United States and Mexico.
9: ...ca, considering it too small to be a continent of its own. - Australia (39438 bytes)
9: capital =[[Canberra]]|
11: largest_city =[[Sydney]]|
12: government_type=[[Constitutional monarchy|Const. monarchy]]|
13: leader_titles = [[Queen of Australia|Queen]]<br>[[Governor-G...
14: leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Michael Jeffery]]<b... - Canada (35540 bytes)
1: ...t until the consensus changes before making the edit. Thank you.
3: ...about Canada linked from this article, e.g., [[Politics of Canada]], [[Geography of Canada]], etc. Tha...
6: ...ssia]]). Bordering the [[United States]], its territorial claims extend north into the [[Arctic Ocean]...
8: ...democracy]] and is a [[constitutional monarchy]] with [[Elizabeth II of Canada|Queen Elizabeth II]] as...
10: ...anguage|English]] and [[French language|French]]. Its [[Statistics Canada|official]] population estima... - Historical capital of China (5927 bytes)
1: Numerous cities have been the '''[[capital]] of [[China]]''' during the course of history....
3: * [[Anyang]] was the capital during the Yin period of [[Shang Dynasty]]: cal...
5: ... and briefly ''Peiping'') was and has been the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorte...
8: ...d Yanjing (燕京 Yānjīng "capital of Yan")
10: ...u (中都 Zhōngdū "central capital") - Spain (36498 bytes)
1: ..., and the tiny [[Parsley Island]] ([[Disputed territories|disputed]]). Due to the [[Spanish colonisati...
15: capital = [[Madrid]] |
17: largest_city = [[Madrid]] |
19: leader_titles = [[Kings of Spain|King]]<br>[[President of th...
23: area_magnitude = 1 E11 | - Thebes, Egypt (3900 bytes)
2: ... a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization at its height.
4: ...[Zeus]] being the god whom the Greeks identified with [[Amun]]).
6: ...he temple of [[Karnak]], which is located in the city.
8: ...rtant temples that stood on the outskirts of the city.
10: ==Important archaeological sites in Thebes== - Ancient history (7857 bytes)
1: ...rope ancient history was followed by [[Late Antiquity]] and the [[Middle Ages]].
3: ...t|cuneiform]] possibly being the oldest form of writing. [[Genetic]] evidence, however, points to the ...
12: *African Ancient Kingdoms: [[Axumite Kingdom]], [[Kush]], etc.
17: *[[Hittites]]
23: *[[Mitanni]] - Babe Ruth (55357 bytes)
2: ...The Sporting News]]'' named Ruth as Number One in its list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players."
4: ...he "power game" compelled other teams to follow suit, breaking the monopoly of the "inside game" that ...
9: ... countless hours on hitting, fielding and later, pitching.
10: ...pg|thumb|right|400px|Babe Ruth, full-length portrait, standing, facing front, holding up bat, in baseb...
12: ...atthias promptly switched George from catcher to pitcher to teach him a lesson. But, instead of gettin... - Georgia (U.S. state) (26579 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] |
10: LargestCity = [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] |
21: DensityRank = 18<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 54.59 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 4<sup>th</sup> | - Iowa (24205 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
11: LargestCity = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
21: DensityRank = 33<sup>rd</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 20.22 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 29<sup>th</sup> | - Nevada (17565 bytes)
9: ... Capital = [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]] |
10: LargestCity = [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] |
21: DensityRank = 43<sup>rd</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 7.03 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 36th | - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...ntion into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded versio...
5: ===[[Paleolithic|Paleolithic Era]]===
36: * 3500 BC: [[Cuneiform script|Writing]] in [[Sumer]]
62: ...century BC|400s BC]]: [[Catapult]] in [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]]
99: ...eglasses]] in [[Italy in the Middle Ages|Northern Italy]] - List of people by name: Y (12717 bytes)
5: ...|Yadav, Laloo Prasad]] (born 1948), [[India]]n politician
11: *[[Yakubu Gowon]] (born 1934), military leader of [[Nigeria]]
13: ...ihu Yale|Yale, Elihu]] (1649-1721), [[Yale University]] benefactor
20: ... Minoru]] (1912-1986), [[United States|US]] [[architect]]
21: *[[Tomoyuki Yamashita|Yamashita, Tomoyuki]] (1885-1946), Japanese lieutenant gen... - St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
2: ...ntioch]] and later first [[Bishop of Rome]]. Tradition holds that his [[tomb]] is below the baldochin...
4: ...iovanni in Laterano]]. However, due to the proximity of the Papal residence, most Papal ceremonies ta...
8: ...eror Constantine]] officially recognized Christianity he started construction in [[324]] of a great ba...
10: ... should be rebuilt. [[Pope Nicholas V]] asked architect [[Bernardo Rossellino]] to start adding to the...
12: ...he church. [[Carlo Maderno]] became the chief architect later on, and designed the entrance. - List of painters (54090 bytes)
10: ...[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian [[sculptor]] and [[painter]]
11: *[[Leonardo da Vinci]], ([[1452]]-[[1519]]), Italian painter, sculptor and inventor
15: ...llo Santi|Raphael]], ([[1483]]-[[1520]]), [[Italy|Italian]] [[painter]]
71: *[[Frank Auerbach]] ([[1931]]-)
90: *[[Edward Mitchell Bannister]] ([[1828]]-[[1901]]) - Timeline of microscope technology (1673 bytes)
5: ...his son [[Zacharias Janssen]], claimed by later writers ([[Pierre Borel]] 1620 - 1671 or 1628 - 1689 a...
6: ...evelops an ''occhiolino'' or compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens.
8: ...) presents, in [[London]], a compound microscope with two convex lenses.
11: ...inceans coins the word ''microscope'' by analogy with ''telescope''.
14: * [[1931]] - [[Ernst Ruska]] builds the first [[electron m... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
15: *[[Joseph Aspdin]], British inventor of cement in 1824
22: ... - (1938-) U.S. solar inventor and developer; architectural designer.
28: ...Emile Berliner]], (1851-1929) [[Germany]] and [[United States|USA]] — [[gramophone]]
31: *[[Bi Sheng]] — primitive movable [[printing]] types
40: ...her von Braun]], (1912-1977), [[Germany]] and [[United States|USA]] — [[rocket]] technology - Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
3: ...47]] – [[October 18]], [[1931]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[inventor]] and [[businessma...
5: ...s worldwide, including the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Germany]]. Edison ...
10: ...itish government gave those who had been loyal to it. In 1811, three generations of Edison's took up f...
14: ...m. Sam's family joined him and in [[1847]] grew with the birth of their seventh child, [[Thomas Alva ...
16: ...art in his schooling due to childhood illnesses. It was a late start and a poor start. His mind ofte... - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
1: [[Image:Epithelial-cells.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Cells in cultur...
2: The '''cell''' is the structural and functional unit of all [[life|living]] [[organism]]s, sometimes c...
3: ...ssary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.
11: ... instructions for carrying out each of these activities.
13: All cells share several abilities: - World War II (58065 bytes)
2: ...in [[World War I]] were involved in World War II. It was the most extensive and expensive armed confli...
4: ...[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]), or earlier yet the 1931 Japanese invasion of [[Manchuria]]. Still others ...
6: ... it continued in China. In Europe, the war ended with the surrender of Germany on [[8 May]] [[1945]] (...
8: ...ments in [[Pingfan]]. As a case of [[total war]], it involved the "[[home front]]" and [[Strategic bom...
10: ... led to its democratization, and China came to split into the Communist [[People's Republic of China]]...
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