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- China (38909 bytes)
1: ...ng in the [[3rd century BC]] to protect the north from raiders on horseback.]]
5: ...[country]]'s territorial extent expanded outwards from a core area in the [[North China Plain]], and v...
7: ... formally surrendering its claims, has moved away from its former identity as the ruler of China, and ...
16: ...eir nation as culturally and politically distinct from - and as the [[axis mundi]] of surrounding nati...
25: ... political legitimacy. It was used in this manner from the tenth century onwards by the competing dyna... - Denis Diderot (13048 bytes)
3: ...and [[writer]]. Born in [[Langres]], [[Champagne, France]] in 1713, he was a prominent figure in what ...
5: ... [[philosophy|philosophical]] ideas relating to [[free will]]. He is also known as the author of the e...
10: ...dash;1748) and about the same date he published a free rendering of Shaftesbury's ''Inquiry Concerning...
14: ...ing, too, as an illustration of the comprehensive freedom with which Diderot felt his way round any su...
23: ... Englishman [[John Mills]], and the German, [[Gottfried Sellius]]. Diderot accepted the proposal, but ... - Condoleezza Rice (23116 bytes)
27: ...first [[African American]] [[woman]], the second African American (after [[Colin Powell]]), and the se...
31: ...isor]] during his first term. She was the second African American (after Powell) and the first female ...
35: ...sition at the University of Denver. Her name is a variation on the [[Italian]] musical term "con dolcezza" wh...
37: ...air]] was killed in the bombing of the primarily African-American [[16th Street Baptist Church bombing...
41: ...Experience in America." [http://www.publiceye.org/frontpage/OpEds/berlet_condi_dad.html] At age 15, Ri... - Margaret Thatcher (46377 bytes)
27: ... was the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] from [[1979]] to [[1990]], the only woman [[as of 20...
29: ...y]] task force to retake the [[Falkland Islands]] from [[Argentina]] in the [[Falklands War]].
31: ...and]], and increased wealth inequalities. However from the mid 1980s a period of sustained economic gr...
33: ...d Monetary Union]]. Her leadership was challenged from within and she was forced to resign in [[1990]]...
36: ...hire]] in eastern [[England]]. Her father was [[Alfred Roberts]], who ran a grocers' shop in the town ... - Margaret Mead (11387 bytes)
1: [[Image:Margaret_Mead.jpg|frame|Margaret Mead]]
5: ...r, eventually serving as its curator of ethnology from 1946 to 1969. In addition, she taught at Colum...
7: ...y enough for the general public to read and learn from her works--remains firm.
12: ...the ''Coming of Age in Samoa'', Mead's advisor, [[Franz Boas]], wrote of its significance that
20: She concluded that the passage from childhood to adulthood--the period of "adolesce... - Maria Goeppert-Mayer (4176 bytes)
3: .... [[Joseph Edward Mayer]], the assistant of James Franck. The couple moved to the [[United States]], M...
5: ...University]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]] from [[1931]]-[[1939|39]], but since she was a woman...
9: ...other pair go counterclockwise. Then add one more variation; all the dancers are spinning twirling round and ... - Artery (6875 bytes)
1: ...are muscular tubes that carry [[blood]] flow away from the [[heart]] to the [[biological tissue|tissue...
3: ...nd elastic tissue. The outermost layer (furthest from the flow of blood) is known as the ''[[tunica a...
5: ... each heart cycle. This pressure and blood volume variation within the artery produces the pulse which is pal...
15: ... binding sites have bound oxygen. Blood returning from the lungs, via the 4 pulmonary veins, to the le...
17: ...ting hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen). Returning from the body to the right atrium, [[hemoglobin]] mo... - Flowering plant (29088 bytes)
16: ...ling them to be correctly called [[Gymnosperm]]s. From that time onwards, so long as these Gymnosperms...
18: ...d the position of Gymnosperms as a class distinct from Dicotyledons, and the term Angiosperm then grad...
22: ...re not, however, primitive forms, but are derived from immediate land-ancestors. Associated with this ...
24: ... the angiosperms and the [[Gnetophyte]]s diverged from one another during the late [[Triassic]] (220-2...
47: ... regular periodical increase in thickness results from it by the development of xylem on the inside an... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: '''Calligraphy''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] καλ...
4: Calligraphy should be distinguished from the studies of [[epigraphy]] or [[palaeography]...
12: ...uan-shu and contained more than 3,000 characters. From that time to the present, there have been five ...
14: ... as a guide, hiragana and katakana were developed from simplified cursive versions of characters. In t...
52: ...clerical script is highly stylised, a development from seal script form. They are highly angular in ap... - Minuscule (2323 bytes)
1: ...under and simpler forms, like [[uncial]]s. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed,...
5: ...that dictionaries tend to accept it as a spelling variation. However, ''miniscule'' is still less likely to b... - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...]s. The word has been used to mean various things from "any euphonious and pleasing sound" to only a p...
4: ...of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|muse]]. I...
10: ... refers strictly to the mathematical proportions. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea o...
12: ...cult sciences]] or [[esoteric thought]] - ranging from [[astrology]] to believing certain [[minerals]]...
14: ...t the mathematical or physical relationships in [[frequency]] that give rise to the [[musical interval... - Geography (8541 bytes)
2: ...y]] and [[physical geography]]. The word derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''γ&et...
98: ...ut much controversy, that cartography is the seed from which the larger field of Geography grew. Most ...
99: Cartography has grown from a collection of drafting techniques into an act... - Map (10223 bytes)
7: ...h-central [[Anatolia]] (now [[Turkey]]); it dates from about [[6200 BC]].
9: ...tical value, and this has been the source of much fruitful map criticism over the last twenty years, n...
49: From the last quarter of the 20th century, the indis...
51: From the computer scientist's standpoint, zooming in...
55: ...y a rectangle of pixels does show more detail. A variation of this method is that [[interpolation]] is perfo... - Vertical flute (689 bytes)
1: The '''vertical flute''' is a special variation of the standard [[flute]], or, more specifically,... - Nose flute (4426 bytes)
3: In [[Zaire]], [[southern Africa]], it is played by eight different ethnic grou...
5: ...e for the [[nostril]] can be on the side, just in front of the nodal wall, or in the center of the nod...
9: ...nd, and the disposition of the fingerholes differ from node to vent hole so two alternating scales can...
11: ...ng various scales. Some players take a filter tip from a [[cigarette]] and plug the other unused nostr...
15: ...tive [[bamboo]], so their nose flutes were carved from a soft stone similar to [[soapstone]]. If a [[g... - Serpent (instrument) (2056 bytes)
3: ...ment and the player, but typically covers a range from two [[octave]]s below [[middle C]] to at least ...
7: ... shape of the original instrument. Another common variation is the so-called "Russian Bassoon", which is neit... - Trombone (15819 bytes)
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba'' —...
9: ... typically between 7" and 8?". A number of common variations on trombone construction are noted below.
12: ...]] in English. This was not a distinct instrument from the trombone, but rather a different name used ...
14: ...ugh the size of a trombone choir can vary greatly from five or six to 20 or more members).
18: ...que music|Baroque]]) literature is often borrowed from other instruments, usually [[cello]] or [[basso... - Harmonica (21752 bytes)
2: A '''harmonica''' is a [[Free reed instrument|free reed]] musical [[wind instrument]] (also
3: ...n, among other things, as a '''mouth organ''', '''french harp''', simply '''harp''', or
6: dimension into which it can freely vibrate, thus repeatedly
9: Unlike most free-reed instruments (such as [[organ (music)|reed ...
14: is made to vibrate more easily by air from above, reeds accessed by a - Pipe organ (24478 bytes)
5: Pipe organs range in size from portable instruments having only a few dozen pi...
11: <!--This section is the target of a link from the "organ pipe" article. If you update the tex...
15: ...ue organ]], the [[English romantic organ]], the [[French classical organ]], the [[symphonic organ]] an...
27: The word ''organ'' originates from the [[Latin]] word "[[organum (musical instrume...
31: ... Hungary (the ancient [[Pannonia]]) a Roman organ from the 3rd century AD was found. - Berimbau (11944 bytes)
2: ... instruments are played in the southern parts of Africa. The Berimbau was eventually incorporated into...
9: ...n automobile [[tire]]) tightly strung and secured from one end of the verga to the other. A [[gourd]] ...
11: ...so be altered by moving the caba硠back and forth from the abdomen, producing a wah-like sound.
34: ...ing, and by sliding the gourd a little up or down from the place where the sound is best.
36: ...rom C to D). One can press the dobr㯠away enough from the gourd for this only if the bow is about 4 f... - Sex (2995 bytes)
5: ...s, but this terminology is quickly complicated by variations in the degree of sexuality. As with animals, th...
10: ...ting some considerable variation. One interesting variation is in the [[platypus]], a rather unusual mammal i... - Earth (30908 bytes)
7: ...th''' or '''Terra''', is the third planet outward from the [[Sun]]. It is the largest of the [[solar s...
14: ...f approximately 12,742 km. The maximum deviations from this are the highest point on Earth (the summit...
55: ... is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun.
74: ...utaway-english.png|thumb|350px|left|Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Partially to scale.]]
86: ...Peridotite|harzburgite]]s which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that have been ... - Volcano (27295 bytes)
4: The name "volcano" has its origin from the name of [[Vulcan (god)|Vulcan]], a god of f...
18: ...'[[Volcanic cones]]''' or [[cinder cone]]s result from eruptions that throw out mostly small pieces of...
41: ...tive" volcano. The lifespan of a volcano can vary from months to several million years, making such a ...
43: ...to note that the span of recorded history differs from region to region; in the [[Mediterranean]], rec...
47: ...tone as extinct. In fact, because the caldera has frequent earthquakes, a very active geothermal syste... - Europe (23835 bytes)
6: ...the third largest continent after [[Asia]] and [[Africa]]. The population of Europe is roughly 705,500...
13: ...which means "sunrise" and is the land to the east from a [[Mesopotamian]] perspective.
18: ...g large colonial empires with vast holdings in [[Africa]], [[the Americas]], and [[Asia]].
20: ...to power and set out on a conquest, forming a new French empire that soon collapsed. After these conqu...
22: ...Economic Consequences|aftermath of World War I]]. From the end of [[World War II]] through the end of ... - South Africa (40100 bytes)
1: ...pendent [[nation]], entirely surrounded by South African territory.
3: ...as well as many white, coloured and Indian South Africans.
5: ...the entire [[Africa]]n continent, with modern [[infrastructure]] common throughout the country.
7: {{South Africa infobox}}
9: South Africa has 11 official languages: [[Afrikaans]], [[English language|English]], [[Zulu lan... - Brazil (12581 bytes)
1: ...]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] and [[French Guiana]] — every South American nation ...
8: ...ial ports to England — at the time isolated from most European ports by Napoleon — and the...
17: ...ado Federal'' of 81 seats, of which three members from each state or federal district are elected acco...
38: [[Image:Br-map.png|framed|Map of Brazil]]
41: ...cated; the [[Rio Negro]], [[Rio S㯠Francisco|S㯠Francisco]], [[Xingu River|Xingu]], [[Madeira river|... - Koala (10686 bytes)
20: ...t part of the bear family. The word "koala" comes from an [[aboriginal]] word meaning "does not drink"...
22: ...re found all along the eastern coast of Australia from near [[Adelaide]] to the base of the [[Cape Yor...
26: ...ales]] as ''P. cinereus cinereus''. The variation from one form to another is continuous, and there ar...
30: ...hildren]] delight in imitating) that can be heard from almost a [[kilometre]] away during the breeding...
35: ...nlarged to extract the maximum amount of nutrient from the poor quality diet. Much of this is done thr... - Iron Age (8996 bytes)
1: [[image:Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden.jpg|...
5: ...nding on the country or geographical region. This variation even occurs within Europe where the Iron Age dist...
10: ...[smelting|smelted]] iron objects (distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the prod...
12: == The Iron Age in Africa and India ==
13: ...[East Africa]] ([http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM ''Washington State University'']) w... - Barge (1987 bytes)
11: *[[Liquid cargo barge]] (fresh water, finished petroleum products)
20: ...r being associated with it at all costs. A common variation is to say, "I wouldn't touch that with a ''(inser... - Hapy (2473 bytes)
5: ... at the southern edge of egypt (it actually comes from two lakes, one of which is [[Lake Victoria]]).
9: ...tured carrying offerings of food or pouring water from an [[amphora]], but was also depicted very rare...
12: :''Lightmaker who comes from the dark''
17: ... drink unceasingly, as thou descendest on thy way from the heavens''. - Animal (16429 bytes)
51: ... which ''animalia'' is the plural, and ultimately from ''anima'', meaning vital breath or soul.
57: ...During development it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reo...
63: ...produced without mating, or in some cases through fragmentation.
70: ...few small parasitic [[protist]]s. The name comes from the posterior location of the [[flagellum]] in ...
72: ...ssible they are not really animals at all. Aside from them, most animal phyla with known phyla make a... - Spider (29039 bytes)
11: ...er [[Mesothelae]]'''<br /> <!-- Families missing from this list: Microstigmatidae, Nemesiidae, Barych...
79: ... [[Liphistiidae]], rarely seen burrowing spiders from Asia. The study of spiders is known as [[arachn...
81: ... strong [[protein]] strand extruded by the spider from [[spinneret]]s on the end of the abdomen. All ...
106: ...age (Foelix, 1996). A spider does not transition from the nymph to the imago until it has become sexu...
114: ...s 'palpi'), the small, leg-like appendages on the front of his [[cephalothorax]], into the sperm, abso... - Influenza (10335 bytes)
4: ..., killing many millions of people. The name comes from the old medical belief in unfavourable [[astrol...
16: Yet further variation exists, thus specific influenza strain isolates a...
21: ...c]] (type A influenza, H1N1 strain), which lasted from [[1918]] to [[1919]] and is believed to have ki...
23: ...sequent to the 1968 infection. Increased immunity from [[antibody|antibodies]] and the development of ...
26: ...ratory system|respiratory tract]], is transmitted from person to person by saliva droplets expelled by... - Sun (20830 bytes)
10: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>Earth
21: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>[[Milky Way]] core
55: ! align="left" | [[Escape velocity]]<br> from the surface
122: ...onally referred to as '''Sol''' to distinguish it from other "suns". Planet [[Earth]] [[orbit]]s the ...
128: ...istance of about 25,000 to 28,000 [[light-year]]s from the [[galactic centre]], completing one revolut... - Climate (3049 bytes)
6: ...ord, it is harder to give a precise contradiction-free definition of climate: over a 30 year period, a...
30: * [[Solar variation]]. - Meteorology (19082 bytes)
10: ...' goes back to the book ''Meteorologica'' (dating from about [[340 BC]]) by [[Aristotle]], who combine...
14: ...Franklin]]'s kite experiments with [[lightning]]. Franklin was also the first American to keep accurat...
18: ...d]]. These were solved when [[Luke Howard]] and [[Francis Beaufort]] introduced their systems for clas...
20: ...]], introducing the idea of [[front (meteorology)|front]]s, that is, sharply defined boundaries betwee...
26: ...sable tool for studying a wide range of phenomena from forest fires to [[El Ni. - Flower (10503 bytes)
3: .... After fertilization, a flower develops into a [[fruit]] containing the seed(s).
6: ...he torus. The four main parts or whorls (starting from the base of the flower or lowest node and worki...
10: *'''''androecium''''' (from Greek ''andros oikia'': man's house) – on...
11: ...ecomes the pathway for '''pollen tubes''' to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma, to the ov...
13: ...lant species show a wide variety of modifications from this plan. These modifications have significan... - Tree (23723 bytes)
20: ...e tree, and used to date cores or even wood taken from trees in the past; this practice is known as th...
22: ...biomass and absorbing [[water]] and [[nutrients]] from the [[soil]]. Above ground, the trunk gives hei...
30: ...ly disregarded as unreliable, fantasy or outright fraud. The following are now accepted as the top fiv...
41: ...l. Some past exaggerated measurements also result from measuring the complete next-to-bark measurement...
45: ...y soft wood in their trunks. This leads to marked variation in their girth over the year, swelling to a maxim... - Animals (10378 bytes)
2: ...acteristics that define them and distinguish them from other life forms. Animals are divided into vari...
8: ... respond to their environment. This system ranges from simple nerve nets in cnidarians (jellyfish, for...
10: ...exual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two individuals, leading to genetic diversity.
11: ...ack cell walls, a feature that distinguishes them from plants and fungi. They have a more flexible cel...
18: ...During development it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reo... - Human (48024 bytes)
24: Humans have an erect body carriage that frees the upper limbs for manipulating objects, a hi...
30: ... [[state]]s down to [[Family|families]], and also from the [[community]] to the [[self]]. Seeking to [...
54: ...species of [[chimpanzee]]s should be reclassified from ''[[Pan troglodytes]]'' and ''[[Pan paniscus]]'...
56: ...had]] and seems to indicate an earlier divergence from the ape lineage.
58: ... genome is significantly affected by assimilation from archaic humans (i.e., 80% of loci may have some... - Carnivorous plant (44834 bytes)
29: ...e leaves are quite clearly evolutionarily derived from a simple
46: rolled-leaf tube, and protects it from rain. Possibly because of this improved
52: pitted with areolae, which are [[chlorophyll]]-free patches through which light can penetrate.
54: ...once inside, tire themselves out trying to escape from these false
63: that project from the base of the operculum over the entrance to ... - Robert Hooke (5017 bytes)
4: ...echanics|elasticity]], which describes the linear variation of [[tension]] with extension in an [[elastic]] s...
12: ... balance spring also regulates the flow of energy from the mainspring of a timepiece. It coils and unc...
27: *[http://freespace.virgin.net/ric.martin/vectis/hookeweb/robe...
29: *[http://freespace.virgin.net/iw.history/hooke/face.htm The F... - Eukaryote (9230 bytes)
17: ...r [[three-domain system|domain]]. The name comes from the Greek ''eus'' or true and ''karyon'' or nut...
25: ... membrane-bound organelles are ultimately derived from such vesicles.
27: ...tly, they generally enter vesicles, which bud off from the smooth section. In most eukaryotes, the pr...
33: ...a. They are now generally held to have developed from [[endosymbiosis|endosymbiotic]] prokaryotes, pr...
35: ...ted. Instead, some eukaryotes have obtained them from others through secondary endosymbiosis or inges... - Chloroplast (2430 bytes)
4: Chloroplasts convert light energy from the sun into [[Adenosine_triphosphate|ATP]] thr...
8: ... [[genome reduction|reduced]] compared to that of free-living cyanobacteria, but the parts that are st...
16: ...hloroplasts may be golden, brown, or red and show variation in the number of membranes and the presence of th... - Zoology (5641 bytes)
25: ...ution]], [[population genetics]], [[heredity]], [[variation]], [[Mendelism]], [[reproduction]]. - Evolution (27661 bytes)
1: [[Image:Charles Darwin.jpg|right|frame|[[Charles Darwin]], father of the theory of ev...
3: ...e in the frequency of [[allele]]s in a population from one generation to the next.
6: ...dern synthesis, "evolution" means a change in the frequency of an [[allele]] within a [[gene pool]]. T...
14: # The [[common descent]] of all [[organism]]s from a single ancestor.
18: ...t [[predictive power|powerful]] theory explaining variation and speciation, and within the [[science]] of [[b... - Saturn (planet) (23300 bytes)
137: '''Saturn''' is the sixth [[planet]] from the [[Sun]]. It is a [[gas giant]], the second-...
142: ...nterior, the droplets of helium releasing heat by friction as they fall down through the lighter hydro...
144: ...smaller storm was observed. Astronomers using [[infrared]] imaging have shown that Saturn has a warm p...
147: ...I'', based on [[radio astronomy|radio]] emissions from the planet, has a period of 10 h 39 min 22.4 s ...
165: ...e never part of a moon, but are instead left over from the original [[nebula]]r material that Saturn f... - Anthropology (23191 bytes)
1: ...ait that traditionally distinguished anthropology from other humanistic disciplines is an emphasis on ...
6: * [[linguistic anthropology]], which studies variation in [[language]] across time and space, the social...
18: ...y atomized and dispersed. As [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]] observed in the [[1840s]]:
20: ...up indigenous raw material but raw material drawn from the remotest zones; industries whose products a...
24: ...eums alongside European art while artifacts from Africa or Native North American cultures were display... - Sundial (16148 bytes)
12: Minor design variations can measure standard and daylight saving time, a...
14: Sundials are known from ancient Egypt, and were developed further by ot...
24: ...rection table, and must be adjusted for longitude from the center of the time zone. The admittedly in...
26: ...solar time]] to clock time. There is a 15 minute variation through the year, known as the [[equation of time...
34: The sun casts a shadow from the gnomon to a surface called the ''dial face'... - Christianity (47078 bytes)
6: ...term "Christ" to describe Jesus, which is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] translation for "M...
8: ...lly grouped into three main branches, which split from one another in disputes over doctrine:
14: ... but not [[Restorationism]]) derive their beliefs from the conclusions reached by the Council of Nicea...
29: ...stles and other followers claimed that Jesus rose from the dead, and set out to [[preach]] the new mes...
35: * via [[Egypt]] into [[North Africa]], [[Sudan]] and [[Ethiopia]] - Atmospheric pressure (6841 bytes)
7: ... of air, 1 square inch in cross section, measured from sea level to the top of the atmosphere would we...
11: ...at sea level, and real atmospheric pressures vary from place to place and moment to moment everywhere ...
30: ==Atmospheric pressure variation==
32: ...pressure system]] for the effects of air pressure variations on weather..
38: ...l zones it may reach up + 5 mbar variation. These variations follow a circadian (24 h) and at the same time s... - Seismograph (4037 bytes)
24: ...inged at a vertical edge. The hinge has very low friction. As the ground moves, the weight stays unm...
30: Vertical accelerometers use a variation on this design, but use a spring to suspend the a...
34: ... hinges are sheets of brass, held in clamps. The frame is square aluminum tubing. The device senses ... - Toad (5772 bytes)
19: ''[[Frostius]]''<br />
37: ... that are popularly used to distinguish [[frog]]s from toads are not quite the same as those used for ...
41: ...in judging of anuran groups is shown by some true frogs (''Rana''), which have adapted to burrowing ha...
51: ...e Common Toad in having shorter limbs with nearly free toes (which are so short that the toad never ho...
55: ... between January and March although there is wide variation in timing. Water temperatures at this time of yea... - Compass (8275 bytes)
3: ...g directions. It consists of a magnetised pointer free to align itself accurately with [[Earth's magne...
5: ...ate type of construction. It is used by observing variations of the needle. A [[gyrocompass]] or [[astrocompa...
24: In the Mediterranean, however, the practice from ancient times had been to curtail sea travel be...
30: ...ed so the user can distinguish the north-pointing from the south-pointing end; in modern convention th...
36: ...ermanently attached to a compass card. These move freely on a pivot. A ''lubber line'', which can be ... - Baboon (5672 bytes)
13: ... The English word ''Baboon'' is thought to derive from that of the Egyptian baboon-god [[Babi (mytholo...
16: ...ight. They can raid human dwellings and in South Africa they have been known to prey on sheep and goat...
20: ... prey for a leopard and large males will often confront them.
22: ...'P. anubis'' ([[Olive Baboon]], found in central African [[savanna]]) and ''P. cynocephalus'' (Yellow ...
24: There is considerable variation in size and weigh depending on species, the Chacm... - Blue Whale (22203 bytes)
23: ...known when the members of these families diverged from each other.
32: ...e body. These pleats assist with evacuating water from the mouth after lunge feeding (see feeding belo...
34: ...blow (up to 12 m, typically 9 m) that can be seen from several kilometres on a calm day. Its [[lung]] ...
36: ...ll over, whilst others demonstrate a considerable variation of dark blues, grays and blacks all tightly mottl...
44: ...he biggest Blue Whale ever found. Most data comes from Blue Whales killed in [[Antarctic]] waters duri... - Houston Astros (8294 bytes)
1: {{MLB Astros franchise}}
16: == Franchise history ==
18: ...gurate indoor baseball in the [[Astrodome]]. The franchise's first decade displayed some great hitter...
20: ... "rainbow uniforms" that stay with them with some variation through 1992. [[Nolan Ryan]] joins the team in 19...
26: ... Central title in 2001, and were again eliminated from the playoffs in the first round by the Braves. - Bowling (1865 bytes)
8: ...o roll a small ball three times per [[turn (game)|frame]] instead of two, and the fallen pins are not ...
9: ...re the player rolls three times per [[turn (game)|frame]] toward small, squat pins.
15: *[[Skittles (sport)|Skittles]] — the sport from which "alley" based Bowling originated - Disease (4576 bytes)
2: ...ome]]s, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contex...
8: ...ecific cause or causes (called its [[etiology]]), from a ''syndrome'', which is a collection of signs ...
14: ...ng a condition as a disease, rather than simply a variation of human structure or function, could have signif...
20: ...of insects or other [[vector (biology)|vectors]], from contaminated water or food, etc.
47: ...k Manual], detailed description of most diseases, freely searchable online. - George Eastman (2821 bytes)
9: ...trademark ''Kodak'',which was simply created by a variation of some of his favorite letters, and received a p...
11: ...Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia]], the national men's music fraternity.
15: ...in 1954, Eastman was honored with a postage stamp from the United States Post Office. - Tricycle (4572 bytes)
7: ...e instead of roll. In contrast, a delta with the front brake on hard must go almost straight ahead to...
9: ...ve] through a differential or the superior double freewheel, preferably using no-backlash roller clutc...
11: ...unter-steering required to balance a bicycle. The variation in the camber of the road is the principal diffic... - Sicily (18450 bytes)
6: ...r = Salvatore Cuffaro <br/>(''[[House of Freedoms]]'') |
24: ...sala]], [[Corleone]], [[Castellammare del Golfo]] Francavilla di Sicilia, and [[Abacaenum]] (now [[Tri...
43: ...h trains are loaded onto ferries for the crossing from the mainland. Officially, the Stretto di Messin...
47: ...ional and international flights (mainly European) from to [[Palermo International Airport]] and [[Cata...
52: ...o d'India]] (from Palermo), [[Vincenzo Bellini]] (from [[Catania]]), as well as the [[sculpture|sculpt... - Earth's atmosphere (10093 bytes)
5: .... The [[Karman line]], at 100 km (62 mi), is also frequently used as the boundary between atmosphere a...
10: * [[troposphere]]: from the surface to 7 km to 17 km, depending on lati...
11: * [[stratosphere]]: from that 7–17 km range to about 50 km, temper...
12: * [[mesosphere]]: from about 50 km to the range of 80 km to 85 km, tem...
13: * [[thermosphere]]: from 80–85 km to 640+ km, temperature increasi... - Ionosphere (19365 bytes)
1: ...practical importance because it influences [[high-frequency]] (HF) (3–30[[MHz]]) [[radio propaga...
6: ...d to as the ionosphere. In a plasma, the negative free electrons and the positive ions are attracted t...
8: ...[[recombination]] begins to take place in which a free electron is "captured" by a positive ion if it ...
10: ...t. The local winter [[hemisphere]] is tipped away from the Sun, thus there is less received solar radi...
14: ... e profile.gif|right|thumb|350px|Electron density from solar ionization during the day and night durin... - Maya numerals (1506 bytes)
14: ... "Long count" portion of the [[Maya calendar]], a variation on the strictly vigesimal numbering is used. The ... - Hybrid vehicle (47544 bytes)
12: ...cused [[FreedomCAR]] initiative{{cite web | title=FreedomCAR: Getting New Technology into the Marketpl...
16: ...irst production model of this design, released in France in [[2003]]. However, the environmental benef...
20: ...ent in March 2004 allowing Ford to use 20 patents from Toyota related to hybrid technology, although F...
24: ...d States]] rose to 43,435 cars, a 25.8 % increase from 2002 numbers. [[California]], the nation's most...
69: ...rtup that the majority of engine wear occurs, the frequent starting and stopping such systems cause ma... - Aperture (3151 bytes)
2: ...tion with variation of the [[shutter speed]], and variation in film speed (ISO), this will regulate the photo...
4: The word "aperture" means an opening, from the [[Latin]] ''apere,'' to open.
6: ...ure (larger the number}, the greater the distance from the plane of focus the subject matter may be wh...
8: ...A typical standard lens will have an f-stop range from f/16 (small aperture) to f/2 (large aperture). ...
10: Zoom lenses typically go from f/2.8 to f/6.3. A very fast zoom lens will be c... - Depth of field (8291 bytes)
1: [[Image:frms_mkt_dof.jpg|thumb|260px|An example of fairly sh...
2: ...s greater behind the point of focus than it is in front, as the angle of the light rays change more ra...
4: ...ect matter, movement, the distance of the subject from the camera, and the way in which the image is d...
6: ...diameter of these circles increases with distance from the point of focus and so can be used as the me...
8: ...e depth of field appears sharp while the areas in front and behind the depth of field appear blurry.]] - Atlanta, Georgia (39442 bytes)
28: ...ch has come to delineate the interior of the city from the surrounding suburbs. This has given rise to...
33: ...ilroad]], while another claims that the name is a variation of Martha Lumpkin's middle name, [[Atalanta]]. W...
38: ... of the economy away from agriculture and a shift from the "Old South" attitudes of slavery and rebell...
41: ... commuted in 1915, riots broke out in Atlanta and Frank was [[lynching|lynched]].
43: ...ters for Disease Control]] was founded in Atlanta from the old Malaria Control in War Areas offices an... - Roller coaster (14862 bytes)
9: ... lower as some mechanical energy is lost due to [[friction]]. Then the train goes down again, and up, ...
15: ..., it uses whatever method is available to keep it from entering. This can cause a [[cascade]] effect w...
17: ...es regarding when to release a newly-loaded train from the station. One common pattern, used on rides...
21: ...first loop track was probably also built in Paris from an English design in 1846, with a single-person...
23: ...of the "lift hill." By [[1912]], the first [[underfriction]] coaster was developed by [[John Miller (e... - Quran (41479 bytes)
6: ...umbers, but by an Arabic name derived in some way from the sura. (See [[sura|List of sura names]].) Th...
14: ...1; Arabic. There are few other examples of Arabic from that time. (The ''[[Mu'allaqat]]'', or ''Suspen...
24: ...e, exhortation, and legal prescription. The suras frequently combine all these modes, not always in wa...
46: ...-final consonants. Some suras also include a [[refrain]] repeated every few verses, for instance [[ar...
52: ...ndness. And it is not lawful for you that ye take from women aught of that which ye have given them; e... - Petal (2095 bytes)
6: There exists considerable variation in form of petals among the [[flowering plant]]s....
10: ... form, but the petals show the greatest deviation from radial symmetry. Examples of zygomorphic flower... - Tiger (11674 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:LA1_082A.jpg|noframe|250px|Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)...
15: ...eir [[penis]]es, believed to be [[aphrodisiac]]s. From the destruction of its habitat, to the poaching...
23: ...f normal tigers, and stripes that are brown. This variation in color is very rare, and only a handful of gold...
25: ... is [[camouflage]], serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have color vision...
29: ...gers overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, often breaking the p... - Polka (2768 bytes)
6: ...[[alternative rock|alternative]] polka" or "[[San Francisco]]-style".
9: ...''California Gold: Northern California Folk Music from the Thirties Collection''; performed by John Se...
22: * [[Frankie Yankovic]] -- Slovenian-American
25: * Polkacide -- alternative/punk/San Francisco - Fashion (7767 bytes)
1: ...current (constantly changing) trend, favoured for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intelle...
10: Although that concept frequently applies to [[clothes]] and other aspects ...
19: == Fashion and variation ==
20: ...'' from [[Nuremburg]] (left) with her counterpart from [[Venice]], in 1496-97. The Venetian lady's hig...
21: ...s cut changed more slowly. Men's fashions derived from military models, and changes in a European male... - Guitar (36953 bytes)
2: ...es [[steel]] strings and more guide dots on the [[fretboard]].]]
6: ... '''neck'''. Typically, a '''headstock''' extends from the neck for tuning.
16: ..., is a combination of two words. "''Guit''" comes from the Sanskrit word ''"Sangeeta"'' meaning "music...
17: ...n in Origin, and so are the ancestral instruments from which the Westernized guitar derrived. The word...
18: ...n of the sitar. One theory states that it evolved from a purely Indian instrument called the ''Chitra ... - Olmec (8916 bytes)
1: ...Salvador]]. The Olmec predominated in their lands from about [[1200 BC]] to about [[400 BC]] and they ...
6: ...their language, the earliest known example dating from [[650s BC|650 BC]]. They were perhaps the origi...
11: ...he name "Olmec" to the rediscovered ruins and art from this area before it was understood that these h...
16: ...e of materials in San Lorenzo that must have come from distant locations suggests that early Olmec eli...
28: ... found in the local Mesoamericans but lacking in Africans. - Genetic code (15677 bytes)
2: ...netic code''', although a few organisms use minor variations of the standard code.
268: === Phase or reading frame of a sequence ===
269: ... RNA sequence. Mutations that disrupt the reading frame (i.e. insertions or deletions of one or two nu...
273: ...elles]]. [[Ciliate]] [[protozoa]] also have some variation in the genetic code: UAG and often UAA code for G...
275: Despite these variations, the genetic codes used by all known forms of li... - Platypus (21900 bytes)
22: ...s. There is substantial variation in average size from one region to another, though oddly this patter...
24: ...typus [[jaw]] is constructed somewhat differently from that of other mammals, and the jaw opening [[mu...
30: ...e reproductive system, on the other hand, differs from other placental mammals. Their paired ovaries r...
44: ...he victim. That this could be the case is evident from the symptoms of platypus envenomation.
46: ...ghout the affected [[limb]]. Information obtained from [[case study|case histories]] and [[anecdotal e... - Corinthian order (9508 bytes)
6: ... had been placed over the basket, to protect them from the weather. An [[Acanthus (genus)|acanthus]] p...
11: ... is rich and festive, with more opportunities for variation than the other orders.
18: ... At the Capitol the proportions of architrave to frieze are exactly 1:1. Above that, the profiles of ...
20: ...la]] enclosure. A single Corinthian column stands free, centered within the cella. Quite mysterious, a...
21: ...|right|thumb|300px|''[[Maison Carrée]],'' Nimes, France, [[14 BCE]] ]] - Celtic mythology (25486 bytes)
6: ...[deity|deities]] discovered in [[Gaul]] (modern [[France]]), [[Roman Britain|Britain]] and other forme...
12: ...he priestly order) in the era of Gaulish autonomy from Rome. Conversely, the want of order is often mo...
66: |align="left"|<small>[[Fragarach]], [[Gae Bulg]]</small>
74: ...mogeneity; as a result, there was a great deal of variation in local practices of Celtic religion (although c...
76: ...n gods they are equated with, and similar figures from later bodies of Celtic mythology. - Day (6866 bytes)
6: ...32 minutes of arc. Additionally, the atmosphere refracts sunlight in such a way that some of it reache...
12: ...erage speed of the real Sun, but this removes the variation over a year as the Earth runs its orbit around th...
34: ... opposite of the Jewish pattern. This difference from the civil day often leads to confusion. Events...
36: ...Dutch Railways]], a day ticket is valid 28 hours, from 0:00 to 4:00 the next night.
40: * [[Black Friday]] - Computer mouse (29399 bytes)
1: ...encoding disks include light holes.<br>'''4:''' Infrared LEDs shine through the disks.<br>
9: [[Image:firstmouseunderside.jpg|frame|The first computer mouse held by inventor [[Do...
11: ...with spring by ''Opocentsky'', 10/76, [http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3987685.html 3987685].]]
19: A later variation on the mouse, invented in the early [[1970]]s by ...
26: ... sensor will process 1512 frames per second: each frame is a rectangular array of 18*18 [[pixels]], an... - Climate change (15859 bytes)
3: ...ordinated through the [[United Nations]] [[UNFCCC|Framework Convention on Climate Change]]. Note, howe...
6: ...umb|right|Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the [[Vostok]] ice core over the last 400 000 y...
8: ...ings]], are divided into natural factors, such as variations in [[solar radiation]], and anthropogenic factor...
11: ... age]] cycles are controlled by orbital forcing - variations in the seasonal and geographical distribution of...
13: ...[[Little Ice Age]] was probably caused by [[solar variation]] or volcanic activity or a combination of the tw... - Global warming (53726 bytes)
5: .../wg1/339.htm]]). Much of this uncertainty results from not knowing future CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, bu...
16: ...es including [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Italy]], [[Japan...
38: ...ly and historically, making the conclusions drawn from the data subject to disagreement. [http://www.g...
44: Mann concedes that past climate variations may be larger than thought, but that "The contra...
48: ...s in response to variations in "external forcing" from both human and non-human causes, including chan... - Biology (23579 bytes)
4: '''Biology''' is the [[science]] of [[life]] (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''bios'' = l...
19: ...>Biology studies the variety of life ''(clockwise from top-left)'' ''[[E. coli]]'', tree [[fern]], [[g...
38: ... tells the characteristics of the various species from which it descended—together with its gene...
62: ...existing [[organism]]s on [[Earth]] are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral [[gene pool]]. ...
64: ...hat there has been an unbroken continuity of life from the initial origin of life to the present time.... - Mycenaean Greece (6175 bytes)
2: ... mythology]]. The Mycenaean period takes its name from the archaeological site [[Mycenae]] in the nort...
10: ...ry equipment with the deceased. The nobility were frequently buried with gold masks, tiaras, armour, a...
18: ...aeologist [[Arne Furumark]] based on the material from the [[excavation]]s of [[Asine]]. He provided a...
41: The ''LHI pottery'' is known from the fill of the [[shaft graves]] of [[Lerna]] a...
45: ...es. Pure LHIIB assemblages are rare and originate from Tiryns, Asine and Korakou. - Sepal (1381 bytes)
6: There exists considerable variation in form of the sepals among the [[flowering plant... - Iris (anatomy) (11258 bytes)
3: ...is found in some [[cephalopod]]s. The word comes from [[Greek mythology]], in which [[Iris (mythology...
5: ...together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region through ...
10: ...ly, this huge molecule is only slightly different from its equivalent found in [[skin]] and [[hair]].
13: ... due to its melanin pigment, but this varies only from brown to black.
15: ...ck are due to selective reflection and absorption from the other stromal components. Sometimes [[lipof... - Moon (37975 bytes)
6: ...ll.jpg|250px|none|The Moon as seen by an observer from Earth]]
7: <small><font color="white">The Moon as seen from Earth</font></small>
190: ...', the terms ''selene/seleno'' and ''cynthion'' (from the [[Lunar deity|Lunar deities]] [[Selene]] an...
192: The average distance from the Moon to the Earth is 384,403 [[kilometre]]s...
194: ...o 11]]. The first men sent ''to'' the Moon were [[Frank Borman]], [[Jim Lovell|James Lovell]] and [[Wi... - Beryllium (15119 bytes)
141: ...berated when it is hit by [[alpha particle]]s, as from [[radium]] or [[polonium]] (about 30 neutrons/m...
152: .../Telescope/mirrortale/ (Beryllium related details from NASA here)] will have 18 hexagonal beryllium se...
155: ...[beryl]] and in [[emerald]]s. [[Friedrich Woehler|Friedrich W?r]] and [[Antoine Alexandre Brutus Bussy...
165: ...t showing variations in solar activity, including variation in <sup>10</sup>Be concentration.]]
167: ...pment of [[laterite|lateritic soils]], as well as variations in [[solar activity]] and the age of [[ice core]... - Neon (6321 bytes)
38: .... In most applications it is a less expensive [[refrigerant]] than helium. Neon has the most intense d...
49: ...mercially used as an economical [[cryogenic]] [[refrigerant]].
55: ...r and fractionally [[distillation|distilling]] it from the resulting cryogenic liquid.
58: ...lium|He]]Ne<sup>+</sup>), have also been observed from optical and [[mass spectrometry|mass spectromet...
61: ...sotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from [[magma]]tic neon and nucleogenic neon. This su... - Sulfur (18059 bytes)
48: ...olid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is act...
50: ...trope]]s besides S<sub>8</sub>. Removing one atom from the crown gives S<sub>7</sub>, which is respons...
59: ...r]] and as a preservative in [[wine]] and dried [[fruit]]. Because of its flammable nature, sulfur als...
62: ...]]-like process. Sulfur is absorbed by [[plant]]s from soil as the [[sulfate]] [[ion]]. Inorganic sul...
65: ...dards increasingly require sulfur to be extracted from [[fossil fuel]]s to prevent the formation of ac... - Genetics (12654 bytes)
1: ...cribe the study of inheritance and the science of variation by English scientist [[William Bateson]] in a let...
14: From his statistical analysis Mendel defined a conce...
26: :[[1913]] [[Alfred Sturtevant]] makes the first genetic map of a c...
30: :[[1928]] [[Frederick Griffith]] discovers a hereditary molecule...
36: ...e a double [[helix]] by [[James D. Watson]] and [[Francis Crick]] - Chicken (21473 bytes)
18: ...pe of [[poultry]]. It is believed to be descended from the wild Asian [[Red Junglefowl]].
23: ...re known as hens. Roosters can be differentiated from hens by their striking plumage, marked by long ...
29: ... in color depending on the hen, typically ranging from bright white to shades of brown and even blue o...
30: ...and nesting locations. Removing hens or roosters from a flock causes a temporary disruption to this s...
32: ...s into their own. Some farmers use fake eggs made from plastic or stone to encourage hens to lay in a ... - Puma (9263 bytes)
15: ...nt''', and '''painted cat'''. The word puma comes from the [[Quechua language]]. In the [[United State...
17: ...opards than to [[lion]]s. There is a considerable variation in color and size of these animals across their l...
23: ...g 110 [[Degree (angle)|degree]]s of [[latitude]], from the southern [[Yukon]] Territory (in [[Canada]]...
37: ...run as fast as 30 mph (50 km/h), jump 20 ft (6 m) from a standing position, vertically leap 8 ft (2.5 ...
42: ...²) on average; however their ranges can vary from as much as 370 mile² (1,000 km²) to a... - Llama (12988 bytes)
19: ...guard animals for sheep herds, which they protect from [[coyote]] attacks.
24: ...etween them, borrowing as it were some characters from each, but in others showing great special modif...
29: ...eposits in which they are found, have been traced from the thoroughly differentiated species of the mo...
34: ...es of one premolar and three molars, which differ from those of ''Camelus'' in having a small accessor...
49: ...ch tends to produce a certain amount of variation from the original type. It has, however, lost much o... - Leatherback Sea Turtle (10187 bytes)
24: ... many unique features that distinguish it greatly from other sea turtles. Its [[metabolic]] rate is a...
28: ...mooth, blackish [[carapace]] with ridges running from head to tail. This shell is not made of [[bone...
30: ...e. Those of adults can span 270 [[centimeter|cm]] from tip to tip.
42: ...e highest quality sperm, and increase the genetic variation amongst offspring. However, studies have shown th...
46: ... back-fills the nest, making sure to disguise it from predators with a scattering of sand. - German Shepherd Dog (8403 bytes)
46: ... not prevent the white coated German Shepherd Dog from being registered in the AKC as a German Shepher...
52: ...ganizations recognize a deliberately bred, larger variation of the breed as the [[Shiloh Shepherd Dog]] or ot...
57: Dogs from '''working lines''' are bred primarily for trai...
61: ...r looks, but have a markedly different appearance from the international dogs, featuring a noticably s...
65: ...elease on command. Poorly bred GSDs such as those from [[puppy mill]]s can be fearful, overly aggressi... - Jack Russell Terrier (11452 bytes)
75: ...ustralian Jack Russell Terrier" to distinguish it from the other forms of Jack Russell found in other ...
77: ...and breeding restrictions may still lead to other variations in the naming and classification of these dogs.
82: ... character [[Martin Crane]] on the [[sitcom]] ''[[Frasier]]''. [[Soccer (dog actor)|Soccer]], the dog... - Australian Shepherd (9749 bytes)
52: ...often excels at [[dog sports]] such as [[disc dog|frisbee]] and [[dog agility]].
57: ...sen primarily for their working ability have more variation in their appearance; for example, they might have...
60: Reflecting the great variation that still exists in the breed, an Aussie can sta...
63: ...ht appear to be hyperactivity in the house around fragile furnishings or involve the destruction of ya...
67: ...he [[Pyrenees Mountains]] between [[Spain]] and [[France]]. - Belgian Shepherd Dog (5744 bytes)
13: ...in some countries, this is merely a Malinois coat variation but the AKC again considers it to be an invalid a...
24: ...[herding breed]]s, they need a job to do (be it [[frisbee]] in the park, [[herding]], learning [[trick... - Dog (69384 bytes)
17: ...]s, and [[brown]]s also occurring in a tremendous variation of patterns. Dogs, like humans, are highly [[soci...
19: ...at they have earned the [[sobriquet]] "man's best friend".
23: ...usceptible to many of the metabolic ills stemming from overconsumption of such foods that civilization...
33: Modern [[dog breed]]s show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other ...
35: ... their rear legs are fairly rigid and sturdy; the front legs are loose and flexible, with only muscle ... - English Cocker Spaniel (3291 bytes)
49: ... breeds, and working-line Cockers today show less variation than in the past. - Dobermann (9580 bytes)
57: ...y referred to as ''black'', while the most common variation, due to one gene's being [[recessive]], produces ...
61: ...[[mutation]], which prevents its pigment proteins from being manufactured, regardless of the [[genotyp...
66: ...currence of 'broken tail'. Broken tail may range from the actual tail bones being broken to the more ...
75: ...listers caused by damage to the ear tips commonly from hard shaking of the head).
80: ...yped role as such in [[movies]], many people are afraid of Dobermanns. However, Dobermanns are in gene... - Ibizan Hound (4413 bytes)
56: ...ay range in height from 24 to 29 inches and weigh from 45 to 60 pounds. The breed has a pronounced se...
61: ...o [[Dr. Elaine Ostrander]], a geneticist at the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] and [[Unive...
62: ...ue, Dr. Leonid Kruglyak, "they have found genetic variations that allow them to distinguish among 85 dog bree...
64: ... it will have," asserts Ostrander. "There is huge variation in behavior between dogs within breeds." The res... - Mackenzie River husky (2191 bytes)
1: ...gy, deep-chested and long-legged, built for heavy freighting in single file through deep snow. Their c...
3: ... River? dogs by outsiders; crosses of these local freighting huskies with large [[Europe]]an breeds su...
5: ...escribes the gene pool as capable of considerable variation, but states that the temperament is always guaran... - Mixed-breed dog (14915 bytes)
3: ...er]] for an example. Further, except for extreme variations in size, dogs breed without concern for genetic ...
7: ...nd ''mongrel'' are often used for dogs who result from breeding without the supervision or planning of...
11: ...ously—by an invented breed name constructed from parts of their parents' breed names. For exampl...
19: ...reeds are often a light-to-medium brown or black, frequently with a white chest and other white markin...
24: ...ser to the genetic norm. Dogs that are descended from many generations of mixes are typically light b... - Newfoundland (dog) (4428 bytes)
46: ...d; others consider it simply a Newfoundland color variation. - Tenterfield Terrier (4541 bytes)
31: ...e. It is generally believed that smaller puppies from the litters of Fox Terriers were crossed with t...
36: ...d of the Tenterfield Terrier differs in substance from that of the Miniature Fox Terrier, and although...
41: ...riation in the types of dog seen in the show ring from state to state. These differences are small an... - Yorkshire Terrier (5765 bytes)
48: ...ust either be trimmed short or washed and brushed frequently.
51: ...terms of personality. Though personalities differ from dog to dog generally Yorkies are Intelligent, I... - Ecology (24417 bytes)
1: ...866]] by the German biologist, [[Ernst Haeckel]], from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''oikos'' meaning ...
4: ...rganisms can be studied at many different levels, from [[proteins]] and [[nucleic acid]]s (in [[bioche...
17: ...major sub-disciplines include (in a nested series from the smallest to the largest in scope):
30: or from the perspective of the studied [[biomes]]:
45: ...is only the very thin surface layer which extends from 11,000 meters below sea level to 15,000 meters ... - Bast (goddess) (4923 bytes)
3: Later scribes sometimes named her '''Bastet''', a variation on ''Bast'' consisting of an additional [[feminin...
8: ...golden jewelery to wear, and being allowed to eat from the same plates as their owners. Consequently, ... - Octopus (12952 bytes)
17: ...ocks, which is very helpful when they are fleeing from [[moray eel|moray]]s or other predating fish. T...
19: ...g ([[chromatophore]]s) and light reflection and refraction ([[iridophore]]s and [[leucophore]]s). The...
21: ... species). The female hangs these eggs in strings from the ceiling of her lair. After the eggs hatch, ...
33: ...terns. They are able to open jars after learning from observation [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/...
41: ...ject it is handling. It can detect local texture variations, but cannot integrate the information into a lar... - Frog (6440 bytes)
2: ...lies include both "frogs" and "toads". The [[true frog]]s are the Ranidae and the [[true toad]]s are t...
6: ... true frogs, or vertical pupils, like the painted frogs.
10: ...o lobes on its free end; it is attached in front. Frogs have three eyelid membranes: one transparent t...
13: [[Image:Frog3_classroomclipart.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provide...
14: ...ched calls. [[Rigveda]] book 7 hymn 103 describes frogs with different calls (''g<u>o</u>māyu'' =... - Baseball (36464 bytes)
3: ...sometimes called ''hardball'' to differentiate it from the closely related sport of [[softball]] and o...
12: ...ays has the ball -- a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every...
26: ...tempt to prevent the [[#Team at bat|team at bat]] from scoring. The fielding team has a ''[[pitcher]]...
34: ... ''[[right fielder]]'', the positions being named from the catcher's perspective. The right fielder ge...
42: ...ith 16 pitchers. The pitcher's main weapon is the variation of his [[list of baseball pitches|pitches]], the ... - Boxing (29727 bytes)
8: ...ce to suggest that boxing was prevalent in North Africa during 4000 B.C.
19: ...from any other form of fist fighting can be dated from [[1867]], when [[John Graham Chambers|John Cham...
21: ... the heaviest. The term "light weight" was in use from the early 19th century and fights were sometime...
27: ...al and international governing bodies and its own variation of the rules.
31: ...don't use holding tactics to prevent the opponent from swinging (if this occurs, the referee separates... - Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
4: ...e accumulated over centuries by the [[Chaldeans]] from [[Babylonia]]. He was also the first to compil...
8: ...om [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural Histo...
14: ...st observations. Hipparchus obtained information from [[Alexandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it i...
18: ...tes observations to him from Rhodes in the period from [[141 BC]] to [[127 BC]].
20: ...mentioned about 14 books, but which is only known from references by later authors. His famous star c... - Charles Darwin (47469 bytes)
4: ...ections, but in [[1858]] the information that [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] now had a similar theory force...
19: ...avid student of [[Robert Edmund Grant]], learning from Grant's enthusiasm for the theories of [[Jean-B...
24: ...divine design]] in nature. He got private tuition from Henslow whose subjects were maths and theology,...
32: [[Image:HMSBeagle.jpeg|thumb|right|HMS Beagle, from an 1841 watercolour by Owen Stanley]]
37: From reading [[Charles Lyell]]'s ''Principles of Geo... - Chile (capsicum) (7837 bytes)
1: ...ile'') is the fruit of the plant ''[[Capsicum]]'' from the nightshade family (''[[Solanaceae]]'').
3: [[Image:Chilis.jpg|framed|right|Chile peppers]]
19: * ''Capsicum frutescens'', which includes the [[cayenne pepper|ca...
24: ...jpg|200px|right|thumb|Assorted [[paprika]] fruits from Mexico]]
26: ...on varieties of ''C. chinense''. The species ''C. frutescens'' appears as chiles de arbol, aji, pequin... - Aspects of music (7529 bytes)
9: *Pitch is the perception of the [[frequency]] of the sound experienced, and is perceiv...
15: ...], [[section]], [[exposition]], [[repetition]], [[variation]], [[development]], and other formal units, textu...
21: ...ere exist solo vocal and instrumental genres with free and improvisational rhythms no regular pulse (J...
23: ...lap of different pitches, and counterpoint arises from multiple melodies.
25: ...ster society, it is highly improbable that, apart from forward-looking scholars and composers, it will... - Atlantic White-Sided Dolphins (4439 bytes)
19: ... Gray in 1828. The specific name ''acutus'' comes from the [[Latin]] for pointed and refers to the [[d...
24: ...al fin, lying above a light grey stripe that runs from the beak, above the eye and down to the tail st...
28: From the analysis of the stomach contents of strande...
35: ...ars, although they still occur to a lesser extent from the [[Faroe Islands]], killing around 1000 anim...
41: *''Atlantic White-sided Dolphin'' by Frank Cipriano, ''Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals'' p... - Barn Owls (3416 bytes)
17: ...Neogene]] epoch . Two sub-families are only known from the fossil record, the ''Necrobyinae'' and the ...
19: ... of habitats from [[desert]]s to [[forest]]s, and from [[temperate]] latitudes to the [[tropics]]. The...
21: ...nct]] (like the species ''Tyto letocarti'', known from the fossil record of [[Biodiversity of New Cale...
24: ...e back or mottled, although there is considerable variation even amongst species. The bay owls closely resemb... - Cougars (8083 bytes)
15: ...nt''', and '''painted cat'''. The word puma comes from the [[Quechua language]]. In the [[United State...
17: ...opards than to [[lion]]s. There is a considerable variation in color and size of these animals across their l...
23: ...g 110 [[Degree (angle)|degree]]s of [[latitude]], from the southern [[Yukon]] Territory (in [[Canada]]...
37: ...run as fast as 30 mph (50 km/h), jump 20 ft (6 m) from a standing position, vertically leap 8 ft (2.5 ...
42: ...²) on average; however their ranges can vary from as much as 370 mile² (1,000 km²) to a... - Dusky Dolphins (3923 bytes)
20: ...o blazes of white colour running back on the body from the dorsal fin to the tail. Dusky Dolphins may ...
23: ...lands, [[Namibia]] and the west coast of [[South Africa]] and the east coast of [[New Zealand]]. There...
26: ...coastal waters, the main danger to Dusky Dolphins from humans is the accidental catching of inidividua...
28: ...in-watching]] enthusiasts. Several boat operators from [[Kaikoura]], on [[New Zealand]] South Island a... - Florida Panther (10551 bytes)
15: ...', and '''painted cat'''. The word ''puma'' comes from the [[Quechua language]]. In North America, par...
20: There is a considerable variation in color and size of these animals across their l...
31: ...g 110 [[Degree (angle)|degree]]s of [[latitude]], from the southern [[Yukon]] Territory (in [[Canada]]...
45: ...run as fast as 30 mph (50 km/h), jump 20 ft (6 m) from a standing position, vertically leap 8 ft (2.5 ...
50: ...with paler bellies have been described, primarily from South and Central America and were described as... - Green Tree Pythons (1865 bytes)
15: ...a typically have more white spotting than species from say, Papua New Guinea.
19: ...e of colors as well, but most are green with some variation -depending on selective breeding or locality. - Grunion (11544 bytes)
25: ...ja California]]. They are rarely found from [[San Francisco]] on the north to San Juanico Bay, Baja Ca...
27: ...[adipose fin]]. They inhabit the nearshore waters from the surf to a depth of 60 feet (20 m). A d...
29: ...only during the fall and winter. This growth rate variation causes annuli to form on the scales, which have b...
33: ...s the eggs and fertilizes them. The female twists free and returns to the sea with the next wave. The ...
35: ...ny as 18,000 eggs over an entire season. The milt from the male might contain as many as one million [... - Koalas (10448 bytes)
20: ...t part of the bear family. The word "koala" comes from an [[aboriginal]] word meaning "does not drink"...
22: ...re found all along the eastern coast of Australia from near [[Adelaide]] to the base of the [[Cape Yor...
26: ...ales]] as ''P. cinereus cinereus''. The variation from one form to another is continuous, and there ar...
30: ...hildren]] delight in imitating) that can be heard from almost a [[kilometre]] away during the breeding...
35: ...nlarged to extract the maximum amount of nutrient from the poor quality diet. Much of this is done thr... - Leatherback Turtles (10187 bytes)
24: ... many unique features that distinguish it greatly from other sea turtles. Its [[metabolic]] rate is a...
28: ...mooth, blackish [[carapace]] with ridges running from head to tail. This shell is not made of [[bone...
30: ...e. Those of adults can span 270 [[centimeter|cm]] from tip to tip.
42: ...e highest quality sperm, and increase the genetic variation amongst offspring. However, studies have shown th...
46: ... back-fills the nest, making sure to disguise it from predators with a scattering of sand. - Tegus (1906 bytes)
22: ...bed species, subspecies, or are merely a regional variation is currently unknown. - Tigers (12435 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:LA1_082A.jpg|noframe|250px|Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)...
15: ...eir [[penis]]es, believed to be [[aphrodisiac]]s. From the destruction of its habitat, to the poaching...
23: ...f normal tigers, and stripes that are brown. This variation in colour is very rare, and only a handful of gol...
25: ... is [[camouflage]], serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have colour visio...
29: ...gers overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, often breaking the p... - Toads and Frogs (5754 bytes)
18: ''[[Frostius]]''<br />
36: ... that are popularly used to distinguish [[frog]]s from toads are not quite the same as those used for ...
40: ...in judging of anuran groups is shown by some true frogs (''Rana''), which have adapted to burrowing ha...
50: ...e Common Toad in having shorter limbs with nearly free toes (which are so short that the toad never ho...
54: ... between January and March although there is wide variation in timing. Water temperatures at this time of yea... - Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
3: ...e accumulated over centuries by the [[Chaldeans]] from [[Babylonia]]. He was also the first to compil...
7: ...om [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural Histo...
13: ...st observations. Hipparchus obtained information from [[Alexandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it i...
17: ...tes observations to him from Rhodes in the period from [[141 BC]] to [[127 BC]].
19: ...mentioned about 14 books, but which is only known from references by later authors. His famous star c... - Potter's wheel (2116 bytes)
7: ...otter's wheel is uncertain. Suggested dates range from as early as the [[6th millennium BC]] to the as...
13: ...th his or her foot, leaving both hands completely free for molding the pot. - Handstand (2513 bytes)
1: ...tically with no knee bend, but there are numerous variations. Performing a handstand requires good [[arm|uppe...
3: ...earn the multitude of skills based on it, as some variation of the handstand is performed on every gymnastic ...
7: ...ve platform [[diving]], in which the diver begins from a handstand position on the board.
19: 3. Hollowed Hips - Prevents the spine from curving by thrusting the hips over one's center...
25: ...ndstands utilizing apparati, will require a break from these standard points of posture in order to ma... - Historical temperature record (5347 bytes)
4: ...0px|Expansion of the last 25 years of temperature variation]]
6: == The Quasi-global Period: from 1850 ==
8: ...emperature records exist from actual observations from [[Thermometer|thermometers]] with quasi-global ...
10: ...rection from one location to another, the numbers from different locations are combined to produce an ...
14: ...the record come from [[thermometer]] measurements from land stations and ships [http://www.met-office.... - Temperature record (5617 bytes)
5: == The Instrumental Period: from 1850 ==
20: ...al growth or isotope variations in [[ice core]]s. From these, [[proxy]] temperature reconstruction of ...
25: exist records from the human historical period which can be used t...
26: climate variations, often in a less directly numerical way: reports...
27: [[Frost Fair]]s on the [[Thames]]; records of good and... - Wind power (27669 bytes)
9: ... Eventually, the wind energy is converted through friction into diffuse heat all through the earth's s...
11: ...nvection|atmospheric convection]] system reaching from the earth's surface to the [[stratosphere]] whi...
13: ...eflectivity) of land and water, humidity, and the friction of wind over different terrain are some of ...
24: ...ropeller-type turbines. Actual efficiencies range from 10% to 20% for propeller-type turbines, and are...
26: [[Image:Lee_Ranch_Wind_Speed_Frequency.png|frame|right|Distribution of wind speed (red) and ene... - Pterosaurs (10375 bytes)
2: ...:Pteronodon2.jpg|250px]] | caption = A Pteronodon from a 1914 study — image <br/>
3: with permission from ''The Pterosaur <br/>
16: ... of the [[clade]] '''Pterosauria'''. They existed from the late [[Triassic]] to the end of the [[Creta...
22: ...[[genera]] of pterosaurs have been found, ranging from the size of a small bird to wingspans in excess...
24: ...e flattened. The best preserved fossils have come from the [[Araripe Plateau]], [[Brazil]]. For some r... - Kangal Dog (7910 bytes)
45: ...t field scars from working, such as may be gained from [[briar]]s or [[predator]]s, are not to be pena...
50: ...ously distictive aspects that separate the Kangal from the similar Akbash and Anatolian. The coat must...
54: ...tively culling unsuitable coloured dogs that come from purebred Kangals.
71: ... of state buildings, or as gifts in international friendship to other heads of state. There was also a...
73: ...tolian didn't always reflect the look of the dogs from various regions of Turkey. Several, such as Dav... - Hernando de Soto explorer (34946 bytes)
5: ...nquista|reconquest]] of the [[Iberian peninsula]] from Islamic forces. Spain and [[Portugal]] were fil...
14: ...ualpa's camp, Atahualpa's ransom, and the plunder from Cuzco, and had become very wealthy.
16: ...n Emperor|Charles]] awarded [[Diego de Almagro]], Francisco Pizarro's former business partner, the gov...
20: ...eraging 24 years of age, they eventually embarked from [[Havana]] on seven of the King's [[Galleon|shi...
27: ...rough [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]] and [[Indiana]] from [[Mabila]]. - Christmas around the world (98033 bytes)
41: ...any songs and TV drama series presented Christmas from a lover's point of view, for example '[[Last Ch...
48: ...banese Muslims celebrate Christmas with Christian friends. A poll showed that around two thirds of th...
49: ...open all night for praying and people go to visit friends and families, often to villages in the mount...
54: ...ël]]". Most of Christmas Greetings are spoken in French like "[[Joyeux Noel|Joyeux Noël]]" or Englis...
62: ...rch Centre (also assistant parish priest of [[St. Francis Xavier]]'s Church) has lodged a formal compl... - Arctic Ocean (7316 bytes)
12: ... most of the ocean surface year-round, causing subfreezing temperatures much of the time. The Arctic i...
14: ...arch or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months.
23: There is considerable seasonal variation in how much [[pack ice]] covers the Arctic Ocean.
26: ...Gyral Stream]], but nearly straight-line movement from the [[New Siberian Islands]] ([[Russia]]) to [[...
29: * ''lowest point:'' [[Fram Basin]] −4,665 m (according to [http://ww... - Nautical chart (2955 bytes)
4: ...e chart to be used at sea or plotted on the chart from measurements taken at sea.
6: ...ween the line joining the two points and the line from one of the points to the north.
8: ...ften a [[compass rose]] on the chart provides the variation, allowing conversion of bearings between true and... - Croquet (12113 bytes)
4: ...ay to the [[United States]], [[Australia]], and [[France]], and whilst never hugely popular has contin...
6: ...1904 Summer Olympics]] is believed to have been a variation.
12: ...ith the two balls touching; the "Croquet Stroke", from which the game takes its name. The winner is th...
16: ...is less intellectually demanding. There are other variations popular in other croquet-playing nations.
22: ...ls with more care, rather than simply as far away from everything else as possible. At championship s... - Gregor Mendel (6112 bytes)
2: [[image:mendel.png|frame|right|Gregor Johann Mendel]]
10: ...sity and his colleagues at the monastery to study variation in plants. He commenced his study in his monaster...
12: ... obtained atypical characteristics. On one of his frequent walks around the monastery, he found an aty...
16: ...]], [[Austria-Hungary]] (now [[Czech Republic]]), from chronic [[nephritis]].
21: ...cientific malpractice]] or call it a [[scientific fraud]] — reproduction of his experiments has ... - North Pole (13759 bytes)
6: ...kwise as seen from above the north pole). Another frequently used definition uses the right-hand rule ...
10: ...ar shape and [[gravity|gravitational]] influences from nearby planets and moons.
14: ...o's orbit (best defined as the point most removed from the plane formed by the north-south and near-fa...
23: ...'' is defined as the point in the Arctic farthest from any coastline, and is at {{coor dm|84|03|N|174|...
27: ...International Astronomical Union]] have defined a framework called the [[International Terrestrial Ref... - Motorcycle (40437 bytes)
7: ... of "footpegs" or "pegs" which stick out from the frame.
9: ...ootpegs, and [[sidecar]]s and other three-wheeled variations, commonly referred to as a [[trike]] may also be...
23: The chassis of a motorcycle is typically made from welded [[aluminium]] or [[steel]] struts, with ...
27: ...some British motorcycles designs used part of the frame as an oil reservoir. The wheel rims are usuall...
29: ...becomes a major source of drag and is pushed back from the handlebars, tiring the rider. - Igor Stravinsky (26622 bytes)
1: ... classical forms. His oeuvre included everything from symphonies to [[piano]] miniatures.
12: ...]]). The ballets trace his stylistic development: from the ''L'oiseau de feu'', whose style draws larg...
16: [[Image:Stravinsky_picasso.png|frame|Stravinsky and [[Pablo Picasso]] collaborated ...
19: ...arried in [[New York]] where they had gone from [[France]] to escape the war in [[1940]].
21: ...lso able to attract commissions: most of his work from ''The Firebird'' onwards was written for specif... - Gliding (16947 bytes)
2: ...erm to use when the craft gains altitude or speed from movements of the atmosphere during the flight.
7: While recreational glider enthusiasts enjoy the freedom, scenic views and sheer enjoyment of control...
21: ...contains enough moisture, the water will condense from the rising air and form cumulus clouds. Well-f...
23: ...g inversion]] which stops the air in the thermals from rising higher. During winter the solar heat ca...
25: .... Typical spots to find thermals are over towns, freshly [[plough]]ed fields and [[asphalt]] roads, h... - Life (11665 bytes)
22: ... their disparate nature makes them unsatisfactory from a number of perspectives; in fact, it is not di...
24: ...d then discount [[fungus|fungi]], and [[grass]]es from being alive).
41: *[[Francisco Varela]] and [[Humberto Maturana]]'s defin...
43: ...ized auto-cannibalizing system naturally emerging from conditions common on planetary bodies, and cons...
52: ... itself to allow [[evolution]], assuming that the variations in the offspring allow for differential survival... - Apple pie (6320 bytes)
2: ...hich the principal filling ingredient is [[Apple (fruit)|apple]]s. The pastry is generally used top-an...
6: ...s were originally substituted at times when fresh fruit was unavailable.
9: ...ofyn'' of the recipe is a casing of pastry. [[Saffron]] is used for colouring the pie filling.
19: [[Cane sugar]] imported from Egypt was not widely available in [[14th centur...
21: ... imported. And perhaps, as in some modern "sugar-free" recipes, the juice of the pears was intended t... - Spectrophotometry (4459 bytes)
1: ...sible]] light, near-[[ultraviolet]], and near-[[infrared]]. Also, the term does not cover [[time-res...
3: ... acquire a spectrum, and the sources of intensity variation they are designed to measure.
18: [[Image:SPD.png|frame|left|Spectrographic representation of the ligh...
21: ...e available for different spectral regions, but infrared measurement is also challenging because virtu...
25: ...a given solution. In a spectrophotometer, a light from a pimp in a near-IR/VIS/UV spectrophotometer, t... - Green alga (4059 bytes)
13: ...''green algae''' are the large group of [[alga]]e from which the [[embryophyte]]s (higher plants) emer...
15: ...reen chloroplasts, which were presumably acquired from ingested green algae, in the latter case retain...
20: ...ile one (oogamy). However, these traits show some variation, most notably among the basal green algae, called...
46: [[fr:Algue verte]] - Etching (5140 bytes)
17: ...ting, rather than sharp, continuous lines. Minor variations involve putting a soft ground on a plate along w...
19: ...n be drawn on by smoothing it, creating the image from dark-to-light rather than the reverse.
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