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- Mexico (27255 bytes)
15: national_motto =''Sufragio efectivo, No reelecci
16: ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Effective suffrage, no reelection)'' |
43: established_dates = From [[Spain]]<br>[[September 16]], [[1810]]<br>[[Se...
68: On [[September 16]], [[1810]], independence from Spain was declared, by [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costi...
70: ...ntral America]] were all incorporated into Mexico from [[1822]] to [[1823]], when they declared indepe... - Costa Rica (12931 bytes)
1:
40: | From [[Spain]]
63: ...amics.jpg|thumb|left|140px|Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Nicoya, Costa Rica]]
67: ...pital moved to [[San Jos鬠Costa Rica|San Jos靝. From the [[1840s]] on, Costa Rica was an independent...
107: ...ure, and electronics exports. The economy emerged from [[recession]] in 1997 and has since shown stron... - List of explorers (24013 bytes)
6: ...[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
7: ...[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
8: *[[Francisco de Almeida]] ([[16th century]] [[Portugues...
11: *[[Francisco Alvarez]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]]...
25: *[[Samuel Baker]], Africa - List of people by name: Ai (1915 bytes)
9: ...r, librettist, playwright, member of the Acad魩e fran硩se
18: *[[Anouk Aim饼Aim饬 Anouk]], (born 1932), French actor - Rose (15436 bytes)
21: ...oses, all from the northern hemisphere and mostly from temperate regions. The species form a group of ...
27: ...chest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating [[bird]]s such as [[Thrush (bird)|thrus...
29: ...]). Despite the presence of the thorns, roses are frequently heavily browsed by [[deer]]. A few specie...
33: The name originates from [[Persian language|Persian]] *''vrda''- via Gre...
42: *''[[Rosa gallica]]'' - Gallic Rose, French Rose - President of the United States (42878 bytes)
5: ...t was sometimes referred to as "the leader of the free world," a phrase that is still invoked today, m...
14: ...ciety. Prominent public officials that are barred from the presidency because they were not born U.S. ...
25: ... concerned with winning [[swing state]]s, through frequent visits and [[mass media]] advertising drive...
29: ...titution of the United States." Only presidents [[Franklin Pierce]] and [[Herbert Hoover]] have chosen...
38: ... the office due to death, resignation, or removal from office (by [[impeachment]] and conviction). Th... - James Monroe (11107 bytes)
22: ... the [[Continental Army]], and practiced law in [[Fredericksburg]], Virginia. His parents Spence Monro...
24: ...-[[1796]], he displayed strong sympathies for the French cause; later, with [[Robert R. Livingston]] a...
30: ... State. Only [[Henry Clay]]'s refusal kept Monroe from adding an outstanding Westerner. Both of these ...
34: ...iring Missouri as a slave state with [[Maine]], a free state, and barring slavery north and west of Mi...
36: ...e free from future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries' a... - John Quincy Adams (11783 bytes)
22: ...e]] at the [[University of Leiden]]. He graduated from [[Harvard University]] in [[1787]], and was ele...
26: ...list]] to the [[United States Senate]] and served from [[March 4]], [[1803]], until [[June 8]], [[1808...
28: ...814]], and Minister to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[1815]] to [[1817]]. During this time, Adams a...
30: ...cquisition of [[Florida]] and in keeping the U.S. from becoming dependent on [[England]]. He is someti...
37: ...val [[Andrew Jackson]]. Adams served as President from [[March 4]], [[1825]] to [[March 3]], [[1829]].... - Andrew Jackson (23546 bytes)
18: ...e first president who had lived on the American [[frontier]], and thus the first not primarily associa...
22: ...trust and dislike of Eastern aristocrats stemming from his feeling that they were too inclined to favo...
24: ...began to prosper in the rough-and-tumble world of frontier law. He became a colonel in the state milit...
32: ... Presidency in [[U.S._presidential_election,_1824|1824]], Jackson received a plurality of both the popul...
34: ...ackson's election represented a significant break from that past. - Martin Van Buren (21629 bytes)
25: ...;[[February 16]], [[1817]]) who also had children from a previous marriage.
29: ... of [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia County]] from [[1808]] until [[1813]], when he was removed. I...
33: ... a Federalist. He had already, in [[1808]], moved from Kinderhook to [[Hudson, New York|Hudson]], and ...
39: ...ground against them. He voted for the tariff of [[1824]], then gradually abandoned the [[protectionist]]...
41: ...sidential election, 1824|presidential election of 1824]] he appeared as a strong supporter of [[William ... - Franklin Pierce (19017 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Franklin Pierce
3: | image name=Franklin Pierce.jpg
18: ... 14th [[President of the United States]], serving from [[1853]] to [[1857]]. Pierce was a [[United Sta...
20: ...[[American Civil War|Civil War]]. He died in 1869 from [[cirrhosis]].
25: ...[[Benjamin Pierce (governor)|Benjamin Pierce]], a frontier farmer who became a [[American Revolutionar... - Australia (39438 bytes)
28: established_dates=From the [[United Kingdom|UK]]:<br>[[1 January]] [[1...
44: ...notes=<sup>1</sup>There are some minor variations from these three timezones, see [[Australian States ...
50: ...island]], [[Boigu Island]], is about 5 kilometres from Papua New Guinea. This has led to a complicated...
54: The name Australia derives from the [[Latin]] ''australis'', meaning ''southern...
55: ...w of [[Port Jackson]], taken from the South Head, from ''A Voyage to Terra Australis''. [[Sydney]] was... - Madagascar (29377 bytes)
2: ...the [[Indian Ocean]], off the eastern coast of [[Africa]]. Madagascar is the [[List of islands by siz...
13: ...[[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[French language|French]] |
38: established_dates = From [[France]] <br> [[26 June]], [[1960]] |
53: ...ts along the east coast. From about [[1774]] to [[1824]], it was a favorite haunt for [[pirate]]s, inclu...
57: ...ion of spheres of influence in the area. Absolute French control over Madagascar was established by mi... - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ...cially influential in [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].
11: ...#932;ΟΣ<br>''([[Greek language|Greek]]: Freedom or Death)''
29: ...]'''<br> - Declared<br> - Recognised || From the [[Ottoman Empire]]<br/>[[25 March]] [[1821]...
42: | '''[[National anthem]]''' || [[Hymn to Freedom]]
52: ...especially influential in [[Europe]], [[Northern Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. Today, Greece is a ... - Jamaica (16893 bytes)
44: | <font size="1">From [[West Indies Federation]] and [[United Kingdom...
65: ...it by the original [[Arawak]] or [[Taino]] people from South America, who first settled there around t...
67: ...s achieved through the massive use of imported [[Africa]]n [[slavery|slave]] labor.
71: Jamaica slowly gained increasing independence from the [[United Kingdom]], and in [[1958]] Jamaica...
96: ...vely by the British empire in policing the empire from 1795 to 1926. Other units in the JDF heritage ... - Malaysia (27892 bytes)
43: | From the [[United Kingdom|UK]]<br>[[August 31]], [[1...
66: ...wly-built [[Putrajaya]]</small><br> <small>2. 020 from [[Singapore]]</small>
76: The earliest recorded Malay kingdoms grew from coastal city-ports established in the [[10th ce...
78: ...by a prince (Parameswara) from Palembang who fled from the island Temasek (now known as Singapore). Wi...
80: ...lo-Dutch Treaty of 1824|Anglo-Dutch Treaty]] of [[1824]]. - Blacktip Reef Shark (3751 bytes)
12: ...oy]] & [[Joseph Paul Gaimard|Gaimard]] | date = [[1824]]}}
17: ...do not venture into tropical lakes and rivers far from the [[ocean]].
26: ...g for 16 months. The shark's size at birth ranges from 33-52 [[cm]].
32: Blacktip Reef Sharks are often the [[bycatch]] from other fisheries and are often caught and wasted... - Pennsylvania (32594 bytes)
42: ...ges, while others are virtually indistinguishable from non-Amish or Mennonites.
55: ...en founded a colony there as a place of religious freedom for [[Quaker]]s, and named it for the [[Lati...
59: ...rench]] during the [[French and Indian War]]. The French established numerous fortifications in the ar...
61: The colony's reputation of religious freedom also attracted significant populations of [[...
67: ...turning point of the [[American Civil War]]. Dead from this battle rest at [[Gettysburg National Cemet... - Santa Fe, New Mexico (9224 bytes)
7: ...n. Many contemporary houses in the city are built from lumber, concrete blocks, and other materials bu...
43: ..., or "The Royal City of the Holy Faith of [[Saint Francis of Assisi]]".
45: ...1848 New Mexico was acquired by the United States from Mexico, and in 1912 New Mexico became that coun...
49: ... all over town. The styles run the whole spectrum from [[Baroque]] to [[Post-modern]].
60: ...rom [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.20% from two or more races. 47.82% of the population are... - List of people by name: Y (12717 bytes)
46: *[[Frank Yates|Yates, Frank]], ([[1902]]-[[1994]]), statistician
47: ...68-1837), U.S. lawyer, Governor of New York (1823-1824)
48: ...[[1747]]-[[1826]]), Continental Congress delegate from [[New York]]
57: *[[Yazdegerd I of Persia]], from [[399]] to [[420]].
58: *[[Yazdegerd II of Persia]], from [[438]] to [[457]]. - Alexander of Aphrodisias (2599 bytes)
4: The object of his work was to free the doctrine from the [[syncretism]] of [[Ammonius Saccas|Ammoniu...
16: ...man is material (''nous ulikos'') and inseparable from the body.
21: ...]], was edited by [[J. C. Orelli]], [[Zurich]], [[1824]]; and his commentaries on the Metaphysica by [[H... - Ammonius Hermiae (1773 bytes)
6: ...nii, et aliorum de Fato quae supersunt'' (Zurich, 1824). - List of painters (54090 bytes)
7: *[[Paul Cezanne]], ([[1839]]-[[1906]]), French artist
12: *[[Claude Monet]], ([[1840]]-[[1926]]), French [[Impressionism|impressionist]] painter
17: *[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], ([[1841]]-[[1919]]), French [[Impressionism|impressionist]] painter
29: *[[Franklin Adams]]
41: *[[Fedor Alekseev]] ([[1753]]-[[1824]]) - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
12: *[[Manfred von Ardenne]], (1907-1997), [[Germany]]
15: *[[Joseph Aspdin]], British inventor of cement in 1824
53: *[[Jacques-Yves Cousteau|Jacques Cousteau]], [[France]] — [[Aqua-Lung|aqualung]]
56: ...illiam Cullen]] — mechanical / chemical [[refrigeration]]
87: *[[Benjamin Franklin]], (1706-1790), [[United States|USA]] &mdas... - Timeline of United States history (1820-1859) (8457 bytes)
1: ...meline of United States history]] concerns events from '''[[1820]] to [[1859]]'''.
13: *[[1824]] - First presidential nominating [[political con...
14: ...in [[U.S. presidential election, 1824|election of 1824]]; Adams immediately appoints Clay his new [[Secr...
15: *[[1824]] - ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]'' cements Congressiona...
87: *[[1853]] - [[Franklin Pierce]] becomes President - History of the United States (1964-1980) (21973 bytes)
11: ..." ad, which featured a little girl picking petals from a daisy in a field, counting the petals, which ...
13: ...i.e. since the [[U.S. presidential election, 1824|1824 election]]). However, Johnson's loss of most Deep...
15: ...vil rights]] divided conservative southern whites from the rest of the party (see [[Dixiecrat]]).
20: ...e proposed, they continued to have strong support from both of the United States' major political part...
27: ...Viet Minh]] (led by [[Ho Chi Minh]]) defeated the French colonial army in [[1954]], the colony was gra... - History of California (38344 bytes)
5: During that time, the area has gone from a [[Spain|Spanish]] outpost of interest primari...
13: ...S)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills collected [[acorn]]s from [[oak]] trees, ground them, and leached out the...
25: ====Francisco de Ulloa====
26: {{main|Francisco de Ulloa}}, also [[Island of California]]
28: ...ved by the renewal of those stories, Cortés sent Francisco de Ulloa out with three small vessels. He ... - List of sculptors (9151 bytes)
10: *[[Aleijadinho]] - Antonio Francisco Lisboa (1730 or 1738 - 1814)
24: *[[Frédéric Bartholdi]] (1834 - 1904)
28: *[[Wilfried Behre]]
87: *[[François-Joseph Duret]] (1804 - 1865)
100: *[[Emmanuel Frémiet]] (1824 - 1910) - Sam Houston (6990 bytes)
5: ... in the [[War of 1812]]. By December he had risen from [[Private (rank)|private]] to third [[lieutenan...
9: He was re-elected in [[1824]]. In [[1827]] he declined to run for re-election...
16: ...ober 22]], 1836 to [[December 10]], [[1838]], and from [[December 12]], [[1841]] to [[December 9]], [[...
22: ...as-Nebraska Act]]. He was a [[lame duck]] senator from 1857.
34: ...States Senators from Texas|U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Texas]] | before= none | after=[[John Hemphill]... - James K. Polk (27988 bytes)
19: ...venth [[President of the United States]], serving from [[March 4]], [[1845]] to [[March 4]], [[1849]]....
26: During his childhood, Polk suffered from poor health. In 1812, his father took him to [[...
28: ...attended a school in [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]], where he met his future wife, [[Sarah C...
31: ... Childress]], and they married on [[January 1]] [[1824]].
33: ...e. In 1824, Jackson [[U.S. presidential election, 1824|ran for President]], while Polk campaigned for th... - Charles Babbage (13539 bytes)
2: ...e [[London Science Museum]]. In [[1991]], working from Babbage's original plans, a [[Difference Engine...
8: ... might have done." The second was an Oxford tutor from whom Charles learned enough of the Classics to ...
10: ...Herschel]], [[George Peacock]], and several other friends formed the [[Analytical Society]].
23: *Francis Moore Babbage (born [[1 June]] [[1821]])
25: *Henry Prevost Babbage (born [[16 September]] [[1824]]) - Jefferson Davis (14427 bytes)
3: ...[Secretary of War]] in the cabinet of President [[Franklin Pierce]]. He is most famous for serving as ...
6: ...andfather had immigrated to the [[United States]] from [[Wales]] and had once lived in [[Virginia]] an...
10: ...ty]] at [[Lexington, Kentucky]] in [[1821]]. In [[1824]], Davis entered the [[United States Military Aca...
14: ...avis's duties during this time was to keep miners from illegally entering what would eventually become...
16: ...President]]. On [[June 30]], 1835, Davis resigned from the U.S. Army. - Stonewall Jackson (15247 bytes)
3: ...onathan "Stonewall" Jackson''' ([[January 21]], [[1824]]–[[May 10]], [[1863]]) was an American [[t...
20: ... a "bad order", to withdraw his troops, he was confronted by another superior. He explained his ration...
26: ... began a Sunday school for blacks, both slave and free.
30: ...]], Jackson married again. Mary Anna Morrison was from North Carolina, where her father was the first ...
36: ...ginia infantry regiments. All of these units were from the [[Shenandoah Valley]] region of Virginia. - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
34: *[[Eugene M. Antoniadi]] ([[Greece]], [[France]], [[1870]] – [[1944]])
36: *[[Francois Arago]] ([[France]], [[1786]] – [[1853]])
38: *[[Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander]] ([[Germany]], ...
47: *[[Adrien Auzout]] ([[France]], [[1622]] – [[1691]])
56: *[[Benjamin Baillaud]] ([[France]], [[1848]] – [[1934]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
9: *[[Jacob Friedrich von Abel]], (1751-1829)
55: *[[Francesco Algarotti]], (1712-1764)
62: *[[Henri-Fr餩ric Amiel]], (1821-1881)
109: *[[Georg Anton Friedrich Ast]], (1778-1841)
122: *[[Alfred Ayer|Alfred Jules Ayer]], (1910-1989){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R... - Republican Party (United States) (31573 bytes)
7: senateleader= [[Bill Frist]]|
22: ...f the Republican Party came from the Whigs, the [[Free Soil Party]], and [[Know-Nothing movement|Ameri...
46: ...Lincoln]] in [[1860]] ended the domination of the fragile coalition of pro-slavery southern Democrats ...
48: ... in the Confederacy), forcing drastic reforms and frequently giving former slaves positions in governm...
50: ...l politics – albeit with strong competition from the Democrats, especially during the 1880s. Wit... - Boron (9084 bytes)
44: ...conductor in room temperatures. It is never found free in nature.
49: ... of this element include the transmittance of [[infrared]] light. At standard temperatures boron is a ...
71: ...common salts. Borax glazes were used in [[China]] from 300 AD, and boron compounds were used in glassm...
73: ...ce as an element. It was [[J?Jakob Berzelius]] in 1824 who identified boron as an element. The first pur...
78: Economically important sources are from the [[ore]] rasorite (kernite) and tincal (bora... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
47: ...-efficient of [[resistance]], since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.
50: ...] and [[animal]] life. [[Diatom]]s extract silica from water to build their protective cell walls. Oth...
51: ...[Pottery]]/[[Vitreous enamel|Enamel]] - It is a refractory material used in high-temperature material ...
54: *[[Glass]] - Silica from sand is a principal component of glass. Glass c...
63: ...of [[potassium]] with silicon tetrafluoride. In [[1824]] [[J?Jakob Berzelius|Berzelius]] prepared amorph... - Zirconium (9876 bytes)
159: ...mbles [[titanium]], zirconium is obtained chiefly from [[zircon]] and is very corrosion resistant. Zir...
165: ... (Zr[[silicon|Si]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>) are refractories, foundry sands (including [[Casting#Inves...
170: ...nd by the ceramic and [[glass]] industries as a refractory material.
177: ...by [[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]] and isolated in [[1824]] by [[J?Jakob Berzelius]].
179: ...in a new element until Klaproth analyzed a jargon from [[Ceylon]] in the [[Indian Ocean]]. He named t... - U.S. Electoral College (46986 bytes)
1: ...ution]], and meets every four years with electors from each [[U.S. state|state]]. The electoral proces...
14: ...rmined by the majority decision of the delegation from that state; if a state delegation is evenly spl...
22: ... 1800|1801]] and in [[U.S._presidential_election,_1824|1825]]. The Senate has chosen the Vice President ...
29: ...e state. In many states, the electors are legally free to cast their votes for anyone they choose, alt...
37: Framers strongly opposed the development of [[politi... - William Henry Harrison (11790 bytes)
18: ...esentative]] and [[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[Ohio]]. Harrison first gained national fame a...
25: ...to successfully command an army on the [[American frontier]]. Harrison participated in Wayne's decisiv...
27: ...ent in the Northwest Territory. Harrison resigned from Congress to become governor of the newly formed...
29: ...ve American leaders. Tensions, always high on the frontier, became much greater after the [[1809]] [[T...
32: ...uckeye]], as were other tall pioneers on the Ohio frontier, as a term of endearment in respect of the ... - Chile (39914 bytes)
39: established_dates = From [[Spain]]<br>[[September 18]], [[1810]]<br>[[Fe...
56: ...ego de Almagro]]'s first Spanish expedition south from Peru in [[1535]]-[[1536|36]] called themselves ...
64: ...ed in [[1541]] by [[Pedro de Valdivia]], one of [[Francisco Pizarro]]'s lieutenants. Although the Span...
66: ...f [[slavery]] in [[1683]] defused tensions on the frontier between the colony and the Mapuche land to ...
68: The drive for independence from Spain was precipitated by usurpation of the Spa... - John C. Calhoun (5703 bytes)
5: John Calhoun received his [[bachelor's degree]] from [[Yale University|Yale]] in [[1804]]. In [[1810...
7: ...dd [[U.S. presidential election, 1824|election of 1824]], Calhoun became Vice President under [[John Qui...
13: ...ill]] was proposed by Congress prohibiting states from nullifying federal laws. The [[Compromise of 1...
32: ...none)''| years=[[U.S. presidential election, 1824|1824]] (won)}}
35: ... States Senators from South Carolina|U.S. Senator from South Carolina]]| before=[[Robert Y. Hayne]]| a... - Levi P. Morton (2620 bytes)
2: ... States House of Representatives|Representative]] from [[New York]] and the twenty-second [[Vice Presi...
6: ...h 3]], [[1893]]. He was [[Governor of New York]] from [[1895]] to [[1897]]. Following his public car...
11: ...f New York]]|before=[[Roswell P. Flower]]|after=[[Frank S. Black]]|years=1895–1897}} - Tomato (10085 bytes)
17: ...]) edible [[fruit]]s. The word ''tomato'' derives from [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]] ''tomatl'' ([[Inte...
21: ...ico. However this is not conclusive as many other fruits in continuous cultivation in Peru are not pre...
27: ...ato leaves and stems are indeed poisonous but the fruit is safe.
29: ...to be widespread, mainly in southern Italy and in France.
33: In 1809, [[Nicolas Appert]], a chef from [[Paris]], published ''L'art de conserver les s... - Tobacco (28162 bytes)
14: ... whose roots are unclear; it is thought to derive from the [[Native American]] word "tabago," for a Y-...
16: ...f of a cigar or three cigarettes; however, only a fraction of the nicotine contained in these products...
26: ...e Americans]], and also soon led to the use of [[African slaves]] for cheap labor.
28: ... the colony's first black slaves as well as women from England in [[1619]].
39: ...ed with branches to protect the young plants from frost damage. These plants were left to grow until a... - Sea Slugs (4331 bytes)
20: '''Infraorder''' [[Anthobranchia ]] <br />
21: '''Infraorder''' [[Cladobranchia]]
28: ... characterised by a single gill behind the heart, from which the subclass derives its name ([[Greek la...
51: *Suborder Thecosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea butterflies)
52: *Suborder Gymnosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea angels) - Theater in the United States (12545 bytes)
2: ...estern world|Western]] tradition, mostly borrowed from the performance styles prevalent in [[Europe]]....
11: ...lay, ''[[The Prince of Parthia]]'' by [[Thomas Godfrey]], in [[1767]].
13: ...at the urging of the [[Continental Congress]]. In 1824 President Dwight of [[Yale College]] in his "Essa...
17: ... the United States, and many celebrity [[actor]]s from [[Europe]] toured the United States. There were...
19: ...ged floating theaters on boats which would travel from town to town. Eventually, towns grew to the siz... - United States Republican Party (30737 bytes)
6: senateleader= [[Bill Frist]]|
21: ...f the Republican Party came from the Whigs, the [[Free Soil Party]], and [[Know-Nothing movement|Ameri...
45: ...Lincoln]] in [[1860]] ended the domination of the fragile coalition of pro-slavery southern Democrats ...
47: ... in the Confederacy), forcing drastic reforms and frequently giving former slaves positions in governm...
49: ...l politics – albeit with strong competition from the Democrats, especially during the 1880s. Wit... - December 9 (7837 bytes)
7: *[[1824]] - [[Battle of Ayacucho]] - [[Peru]] defeats [[S...
12: ...P. B. S. Pinchback]] becomes the first serving [[African American]] governor of a U.S. state
14: ...nded the [[feminist]] daily [[newspaper]], ''[[La Fronde]]''.
15: ...arity|Law separating church and state]] passed in France
18: ...my]] attacks [[Italy|Italian]] forces in [[North Africa]]
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