House of Holstein-Gottorp

sv:Holstein-Gottorpska ätten

The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, rose to several thrones. The dynastic policy of the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp resulted in their descendants ruling Sweden from 1751 until 1818 and Russia briefly in 1762 and then again from 1796 until 1917.

Holstein-Gottorp originally was a ducal family that ruled certain areas within Schleswig and Holstein, in present-day Denmark and Germany. Its founder was Adolf, the half-brother of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway. The Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp shared the rule of Schleswig and Holstein with the Kings of Denmark. However, they were often allies of the Swedes, the great enemies to the Danes.

Duke Karl Friedrich married to Grand Duchess Anna, daughter of Tsar Peter the Great. From this marriage was born Karl Peter Ulrich, who succeeded to Holstein-Gottorp in 1739, and became heir to the Russian throne upon the accession of his aunt Elisabeth in 1741.

Although Karl Peter Ulrich, who acceded the Russian throne as Peter III in 1762, was very interested in regaining his lands in Schleswig from the Danes, he was soon overthrown. His successor, his son Paul, was under the regency of his mother Catherine the Great, who in 1773 agreed with the Danes for her son's abdication of his rights in Schleswig-Holstein in favor of the Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, representative of a younger branch, and to a trade which would allow the Danes to take over the Holstein-Gottorp lands, giving the Prince-Bishop the County of Oldenburg in exchange.


de:Holstein-Gottorp

Sweden

A branch of this family rose to the Swedish throne with King Adolf Frederick in 1751. He was elected crown prince on June 23, 1743 as a Swedish concession to the Russian Tsar, a strategy for achieving an acceptable peace after the disastrous war of the same year. A descendant of cadet branch of the dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, Adolf Frederick was closely related to several members of the Russian Imperial Family, and later his niece Catherine the Great would even become Empress and founder of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.

Adolf Frederick's grandson Gustav IV Adolf was deposed in 1809 following the loss of Finland, and the remaining parts of the dynasty became extinct with the death of his uncle Charles XIII in 1818. In 1810, French Marshal Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte was elected crown prince, and became the founder of the next and current Swedish dynasty, Bernadotte.

Kings of Sweden

King of Norway

Preceded by:
Frederick of Hesse
List of Finnish rulers Succeeded by:
Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
List of Swedish monarchs Succeeded by:
The House of
Bernadotte
Preceded by:
The House of
Oldenburg
List of Norwegian monarchs
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