Teip
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A Teip is a Chechen tribal organization consisting of tribal communes and self-identifying through descent from the same ancestor. There are about 130 teips (though some sources state that there may be as many as 300).
Below is a list of teips with the tukkhum to which it belongs, a short description, relation to the conflict and most prominent ethnics of 1990s:
- Aleroj (1аларой/Алерой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой)) small eastern one, the Aleroj village in Kurchaloevskij district. Many persons of it are against separatism, despite the fact that Aslan Maskhadov, the 3rd president of the separatists, and Turpal-Ali Atgeriev, the former minister of homeland security of the separatists, are from there.
- Beltagoj (Белг1атой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой)) former part of the Beltoj teip.
- Benoj (Беной) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой)) probably, the largest of teips (about 360 000). Due to its size, relation to the conflict is heterogeneous there are many both separatists and pro-federals there. Malik Sajjdullaev (famous businessman), Shamil Basaev are from there.
- Beshni (Бешни) Терлой highland south-eastern teip. Owns its own mountain - Beshni-Lam.
- Biltojj (Билтой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Noxchmaxkaxoj) (Нохчмахкахой) Nozhajyurtovskij district.
- Varandoj (Варандой) Шотой one of the best known highland teips, of outer roots (following legends of Russian).
- Gendagenojj (Гендаргеной) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) from historic center of Chechen Republic called Noxchijmoxka. Position is not friendly to Dzhokhar Dudaev. Doku Zavgaev is from there.
- Gordaloj (Г1ордалой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) supported separatism.
- Gunoj (Гуной) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) north-east teip, against terrorism and for peace with the federal power.
- Zumsoj (Зумсой) highland teip.
- Zurzakxoj (Зурзакхой) considered to be one of the most indigenous.
- Kalxoj (Калхой) highland teip. Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev (2nd presidend of separatists) are from there.
- Marshaloj (Маршалой)
- Kurchaloj (Курчалой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой)
- Mulkoj (Мулкой) small highland teip (Shatoevskij district).
- Nashxoj (Нашхой) ethnogenetic center of middle-age nokhchimatnens.
- Peshxoj (Пешхой)
- Rigaxoj (Ригахой) Chebarloj (Чебарлой)
- Satoj (Сатой) aristocratic, from Beltoj.
- Turkxoj (Туркхой) Turks from Gashan-chu (Vedenskij district), also live in Roshni-chu. Position is not friendly to Dzhokhar Dudaev. Ruslan Labazaev (fight against Basaev) is from there.
- Xarachoj (Харачой) Noxchmaxkaxojj (Нохчмахкахой) early mention in Russian written documents. Tight links with Russians. Ruslan Khasbulatov (former speaker of Russian parliament) is there.
- Xindhkoj (Хиндхой) small, in region of Galanchozha.
- Centoroj (Ц1онтарой/Центорой) Nokhchmakhkakhojj (Нохчмахкахой) one of the largest, eastern.
- Chanti (Чанти)
- Chartoj (Чартой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) peacemakers and interagents.
- Chermoj (Чермой) Nokhchmakhkakhojj (Нохчмахкахой) mostly populates Mexkety village. It owns tribal mountain Chermoj-lam.
- Chinnaxoj (Чиннахой)
- Chinxoj (Чинхой) Терлой pro-federal position. Akhmad Kadyrovis from there.
- Elistanzhxoj (Элистанжхой) Nochmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) from Khattuni village (Vedenskij district). Moved to Aldy near Grozny.
- Enganoj (Энганой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) populates whole Chechen republic. It is considered that Muslim preachers originate there.
- Ersenoj (Эрсеной) Noxchmaxkaxojj (Нохчмахкахой) eastern in the Noxchimokx region (Shalinskij and Gudermesskij districts).
- Yalxoj (Ялхой) Noxchmaxkaxoj (Нохчмахкахой) forced by Maskhadov to move to Azerbaijan. Following information agencies, they gave ultimatum to Maskhadov demanding him to capitulate to federals.
- Yalxoroj (Ялхорой) there is Yalxoroj village named after this teip. Dzhokhar Dudaev (1st president of separatists), Sultan Geliskhanov (head of department of homeland security), Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Shamil Basaev are from there.
Chinxoj, Gendargenoj, Pexshoj, Naxshoj gathered tribal councils and initiated establishing independence (from any power, either federal or Maskhadovs).
Most teips are neutral. Their people wish to live and to work under any rule and to be left alone. Unlike the situation of the early 1990s, in 2004 the idea of a single Chechen national state totally independent from the Russian federal government is not particularly popular.