Seismic tomography
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Seismic tomography uses digital seismographic records to image the interior of the Earth.
The basic scheme is to first localize and characterize a set of significant earthquakes. These earthquakes are then considered to "illuminate" the interior of the earth with seismic waves.
The time that the waves arrive at seismic stations can then be used to calculate the waves' speed through the Earth. By combining analyses from many earthquakes, in different places around the Earth, a three dimensional map of wave speed through the Earth can be constructed.
See also seismology, seismic wave, seismographpl:Tomografia sejsmiczna