Salyut 4
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| Mission Insignia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mission Statistics | |
| Mission Name: | Salyut 4 |
| Call Sign: | Salyut 4 |
| Launch: | December 26, 1974 04:15:00 UTC Baikonur, U.S.S.R |
| Reentry: | February 3, 1977 |
| Crews: | 2 |
| Occupied: | 92 days |
| In Orbit: | 770 days |
| Number of Orbits: | 12,444 |
| Apogee: | 168 mi (270 km) |
| Perigee: | 136 mi (219 km) |
| Period: | 89.1 min |
| Inclination | 51.6 deg |
| Distance Traveled: | ~313,651,190 mi (~504,772,660 km) |
| Orbital Mass: | 18,500 kg |
| Salyut 4 | |
Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees. It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success. Three crews attempted to make stays aboard Salyut 4 (Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 18 docked; Soyuz 18a suffered a launch abort). The second stay was for 63 days duration, and an unmanned Soyuz capsule remained docked to the station for three months, proving the systems' long-term durability. Salyut 4 was deorbited February 3, 1977.
Salyut_4_diagram.png
Salyut 4
Specifications
- Length - 15.8 m
- Maximum diameter - 4.15 m
- Habitable volume - 90 m³
- Weight at launch - 18,900 kg
- Launch vehicle - Proton (three-stage)
- Orbital inclination - 51.6°
- Area of solar arrays - 60 m²
- Number of solar arrays - 3
- Electricity production - 4 kW
- Resupply carriers - Soyuz Ferry
- Number of docking ports - 1
- Total manned missions - 3
- Total unmanned missions - 1
- Total long-duration manned missions - 2
Visiting spacecraft and crews
- Soyuz 17 - January 11 - February 10, 1975
- Soyuz 18a - April 5, 1975 - Launch abort
- Soyuz 18 - May 24 - July 26, 1975
- Soyuz 20 - November 17, 1975 - February 16, 1976
- no crew
Instrumentation
The Salyut 4 X-ray instrument, often called the Filin telescope, consisted of four gas flow proportional counters, three of which had a total detection surface of 450 cm² in the energy range 2-10 keV, and one of which had an effective surface of 37 cm² for the range 0.2 to 2 keV (32 to 320 aJ). The field of view was limited by a slit collimator to 3° × 10° FWHM. The instrumentation also included optical sensors which were mounted on the outside of the station together with the X-ray detectors, and power supply and measurement units which were inside the station. Ground based calibration of the detectors was considered along with in-flight operation in three modes: inertial orientation, orbital orientation, and survey. Data could be collected in 4 energy channels: 2 to 3.1 keV (320 to 497 aJ), 3.1 to 5.9 keV (497 to 945 aJ), 5.9 to 9.6 keV (945 to 1,538 aJ), and 2 to 9.6 keV (320 to 1,538 aJ) in the larger detectors. The smaller detector had discriminator levels set at 0.2 keV (32 aJ), 0.55 keV (88 aJ), and 0.95 keV (152 aJ).
Science
Among others, observations of Sco X-1, Cir X-1, Cyg X-1, and A0620-00 were published from the Filin data. A highly variable low energy of 0.6 to 0.9 keV (96 to 144 aJ) flux was detected in Sco X-1. Cir X-1 was not detected at all during a July 5 1975 observation, providing an upper limit on the emission of 3.5e-11 erg.cm-2s-1 (35 fW/m²) in the 0.2 to 2.0 keV (32 to 320 aJ) range. Cyg X-1 was observed on several occasions. Highly variable flux, in both the time and energy domains, was observed.
Salyut 4 Expeditions
| Expedition | Crew | Launch Date | Flight Up | Landing Date | Flight Down | Duration - Days - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soyuz 17 | Georgi Grechko, Aleksei Gubarev | January 11, 1975 21:43:37 UTC | Soyuz 17 | February 10, 1975 11:03:22 UTC | Soyuz 17 | 29.56 |
| Soyuz 18 | Pyotr Klimuk, Vitali Sevastyanov | May 24, 1975 14:58:10 UTC | Soyuz 18 | July 26, 1975 14:18:18 UTC | Soyuz 18 | 62.97 |
See also
- Space station for statistics of occupied space stations
- Salyut
- Mir
- Skylab
- International Space Station
References
- http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1974-104A
- Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format) (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19870012563_1987012563.pdf)
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