Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
|
|
Ramon Berenguer III the Great was Count of Barcelona, Girona and Osona from 1082-1131 and Count of Provence, Holy Roman Empire, from 1112.
Born in 1082 in Rodez, he was the son of Ramon Berenguer II. He succeeded his father to co-rule with his uncle Berenguer Ramon II. After 1097, when Berenguer Ramon II was forced into exile, he was the sole ruler.
During his rule Catalan interests were extended on both sides of the Pyrenees. By marriage or vassalage he incorporated into his realm almost all of the Catalan counties (except those of Urgell and Peralada). He inherited the counties of Besalú (1111) and Cerdagne (1117) and in between married Douce, heiress of Provence (1112). Now his dominions stretched as far east as Nice.
In alliance with the Count of Urgell Ramon Berenguer conquered Barbastro and Balaguer. In 1118 he captured and rebuilt Tarragona, which became the metropolitan seat of the church in Catalonia (before that, Catalans had depended ecclesiastically on the archbishopric of Narbonne). He also established relations with the Italian maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa and in 1114-1115 raided with them the Moorish pirate strongholds of Majorca and Ibiza. They became his tributaries and many Christian slaves were recovered and set free. Jointly with Pisa Ramon Berenguer also raided Muslim dependencies on the mainland, including lands of Valencia, Lleida and Tortosa.
Toward the end of his life Ramon Berenguer became a Templar. He gave his five Catalonian counties to his eldest son Ramon Berenguer IV and Provence to the younger son Berenguer Ramon.
Ramon Berenguer's marriages and descendants
- First wife, María Rodríguez de Vivar, second daughter of Cid, died ca. 1105
- María -> married Bernat III, Count of Besalú (d. 1111)
- Jimena, a.k.a. Eixemena -> married Roger III, Count of Foix
- Second wife, Almodis
- Third wife, Douce or Dolça de Gévaudaun, heiress of Provence, d. ca. 1127
- Almodis -> married Ponce de Cervera
- Berenguela or Berengaria, b. 1108, d. 1149 -> married Alfonso VII of Castile
- Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, b. 1115, d. 1162
- Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Provence, b. ca. 1115, d. 1144
- Bernat -> died young
| Preceded by: Ramon Berenguer II and Berenguer Ramon II | Count of Barcelona with Berenguer Ramon II | Succeeded by: Ramon Berenguer IV |
| Preceded by: Douce | 'Count of Provence | Succeeded by: Berenguer Ramon I |