Pasquale Paoli
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Pasquale Paoli (April 6, 1725 - February 5, 1807), was a Corsican patriot and military leader.
Paoli was born at Stretta in the parish of Rostino, the son of Giacinto Paoli, who had led the Corsican rebels against Genoese tyranny. Pasquale followed his father into exile in 1739, serving with distinction in the Neapolitan army; on his return to Corsica on April 29, 1755 he became commander-in-chief of the rebel forces (General of the Corsican Nation). In the same year, in November, Corsican independence was proclaimed, toghether with a constitution (Corsican Constitution), administration, justice and army. After a series of successful actions he drove the Genoese from the whole island except for a few coastal towns. He then set to work to reorganize the government, introducing many reforms. He founded a university at Corte. In 1767 he took the island of Capraia from the Genoese, who, despairing of ever being able to subjugate Corsica, again sold their rights over it to France.
For two years Paoli fought desperately against the new invaders, until in 1769 he was defeated by vastly superior forces under the comte de Vaux, and obliged to take refuge in England. In 1789 he went to Paris with the permission of the constituent assembly, and was afterwards sent back to Corsica with the rank of lieutenant-general. Disgusted with the excesses of the French Revolution, and having been accused of treason by the Convention, he summoned a consulta, or assembly, at Corte in 1793, with himself as president and formally seceded from France. He then offered the sovereignty of the island to the British government, but finding no support in that quarter, he was forced to go into exile once more, and Corsica became a French départment. He retired to London in 1796, when he obtained a pension.
The village of Paoli, Pennsylvania, is named for him.
Further reading
See James Boswell's Account of Corsica and Memoirs of P Paoli (1768); N Tommaseo, "Lettere di Pasquale de Paoli" (in Archivio storico italiano, 1st series, vol. xi.), and Della Corsica, etc. (ibid., nuova serie, vol. xi., parte ii.); Pompei, De L'état de la Corse (Paris, 1821); Giovanni Livi, Lettere inedite di Pasquale Paoli (in Arch. stor. ital., 5th series, vols. v. and vi.); Bartoli, Historia di Pascal Paoli (Bastia, 1891); Lencisa, P. Paoli e la guerra d'indipendenza della Corsica (Milano, 1890).
References
External links
- Website about Pasquale Paoli (http://www.pasqualepaoli.com/)
- Pasquale Paoli biography (http://perso.wanadoo.fr/bludimare/paolieng.htm)
- CONSTITUTIONAL PROJECT FOR CORSICA, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Drafted 1765 (http://www.constitution.org/jjr/corsica.htm)
- CORSICA by James Brannan (http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JBrannan/corsica.htm)
- About Corsica (http://www.kallistetours.com/corsica-about.htm)
- Corsica – a national question? (http://www.redflag.org.uk/frontline/twelve/12corsica.html)
- The Figures of History (http://www.corsica.net/corsica/uk/discov/hist/histhom.htm)de:Pascal Paoli