Oliwa
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Oliwa (Oliva) is one of the quarters of Gdansk. Population 2004 19,824 inhabitants on area 18.23 km² (population density 1,087 inh/km²). The interesting siteseeing is an old cathedral, kloster palace with park and botanic garden.
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History
Monastery of Cistercians was built 1186 and Oliva became monastery village. In 1188 duke of Pomerania Sambor I of Pomerania issued a privilege for the German monks.
Important dates:
- 1224 (1226?) i 1234 (1236?) - incursions of Prussians
- 1246, 1247, 1252 - incursions of Teutonic knights
- 1295 - Pomerania is the basis for the reunification of Poland.
- 1308 - incursion of Brandenburg army. The monastery and Pomerania is annexed by Teutonic Order.
- 1350 - The monastery is destroyed by fire.
- 1433 - incursions of Hussites during Polish-Teutonic Order war
- 1466 - Second Treaty of Thorn: the monastery and Pomerania go to Poland, but then receive exempt status.
- 1577 - defending against Polish King's attempted conquest, Danzig (Gdansk) army destroyed the monastery
- 1626 - Protestant invasion by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden during the Thirty Years War
- 1627 - a sea battle near Oliwa (Schlacht bei Oliva)
- 1656 - Swedish invasion
- 1660 - Peace treaty in 1660 between the Emperor Leopold I, Elector of Brandenburg, Poland and Sweden Treaty of Oliva.
- 1733-1734 - devastation during the war of Polish succession
- 1772 - First Partition of Poland: the property of monastery is expropriated by Prussian King
- 1807 - Oliva taken over Napoleon army, Kloster turned into hospital. Oliva is included into Free City of Danzig.
- 1813 - Russian army takes over Oliva
- 1813 - Oliva is again annexed by Prussian Kingdom
'1831 - Oliva Abbey is closed. The church of the monastery becomes a Catholic church, the second church is given to Protestants.
- 1864 - Oliva is extended to include (Polanki and Dolina Radosci) Schwabenthal.
- 1874 - Oliva is elevated to the rank of a city.
- 1907 - Jelitkowo (Glettkau) and Zabianka (Poggenkrug), Przymorze Konradshammer included into city.
- 1920 - Oliva is separated city inside Freie Stadt Danzig
- 1922 - Danzig bishop Edwarda O'Rourke comes to the newly created bishopry (eventually in 1925).
- 1921 - Herbert Creutzburg becomes major of Oliva. The city goes down into bankruptcy and eventually becomes one of the quarters of Danzig (Gdansk).
- 1926 - Oliva cease to be an independent city
- 1927 - The monastery palace is turned into a Museum ("Staatliches Landesmuseum für Danziger Geschichte"). The first manager is Erich Keyser.
- September 1 1939 - The beginning of WW II. Oliva is annexed by Germany to the province Danzig-West Prussia.
- March 25 1945 - Advancing Red Army captures Oliva. The land is given to Poland as Oliwa and Gdansk.
See also:
External links
- Map of Oliwa (*.pdf) (http://www.gdansk.pl/gdansk/files/other/73/98_file.pdf)
- History of the famous organ in the cathedral in Oliwa (http://www.gdanskie-organy.com/organs.php?lang=en&loc=oliwa&tab=introduction) (in English, Polish and German)