Music for 18 Musicians

Music For 18 Musicians
Missing image Musicfor18cover.jpg Image:Musicfor18cover.jpg
LP & CD by Steve Reich & Musicians
Released	1978
Premiered	1976
Genre	20th Century Classical
Length	56 min 31 s
Record label	ECM
Professional reviews
Amazon.com	5 stars out of 5	[1] (http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000026258/qid=1095706656/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_11_1/026-3772089-0813221)

Music for 18 Musicians is a seminal work of musical minimalism composed by Steve Reich during 1974-1976. Its World Premiere was on April 24, 1976 at Town Hall, New York. Following this, a recording of the piece was released by ECM Recordings. A recording (http://www.stevereich.com/mp3.html) of the opening sections is on Reich's website (see bottom).

Music for 18 Musicians was written for a cello, violin, two clarinets (both players double on bass clarinet), four pianos, three marimbas, two xylophones, a metallophone, maracas, and four women's voices. In the introduction to the score, Reich mentions that although the piece is named Music for 18 Musicians, it is not necessarily advisible to perform the piece with that few players due to the extensive doubling it requires. With only 18 musicians, the parts are divided as follows:

1. violin
2. cello
3. female voice
4. female voice
5. female voice
6. piano
7. piano
8. piano and maracas
9. marimba and maracas
10. marimba and xylophone
11. marimba and xylophone
12. marimba and xylophone
13. metallophone and piano
14. piano and marimba
15. marimba, xylophone, and piano
16. clarinet and bass clarinet
17. clarinet and bass clarinet
18. female voice and piano

The piece is based around a cycle of eleven chords, then a small piece of music is based around each chord, then returning to the original cycle at the end. The sections are aptly named "Pulses", Section I-XI, and "Pulses". This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles, and the extension of performers resulted in a growth of pyscho-acoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". A prominent factor in this work is the augmentation of the harmonies and melodies and the way that they develop this piece. Another important factor in the piece is the use of human breath, used in the clarinets and voices, which help structure and bring a pulse to the piece. The player plays the pulsing note for as long as he can hold it, while each chord is melodically deconstructed by the ensemble, along with augmentation of the notes held. The metallophone (unplugged vibraphone), is used to cue the ensemble to change patterns or sections.

Some sections of the piece have an ABCDCBA structure, and Reich noted that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes then any other work he had written.

There have been many performances of the piece, and the main recordings include the original ECM (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000026258/qid=1084616249/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/104-2242068-7807912) version played by Steve Reich & Musicians, the Ensemble Modern (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00000IFO7/qid=1084616249/sr=1-4/ref=sr_1_4/104-2242068-7807912?v=glance&s=classical), and the Nonesuch (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000006E4C/qid=1084616249/sr=1-2/ref=sr_1_2/104-2242068-7807912?v=glance&s=classical) version, played by Reich and musicians along with new musicians. The most recent recording to be released was in 2004 by the Amadinda Percussion Group released on the Hungaroton label. The performance is a live recording from Budapest, and has been described as faithful and excellent by many, as well as Reich himself. Even though it is an older recording, it was only released recently.

See also Music for a Large Ensemble, Tehillim, Octet, Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ, Piano Phase, The Desert Music.

Hip hop producer RJD2 used a short sample from the piece in his song "The Proxy," on the album Dead Ringer.

External links

• SteveReich.com (http://www.stevereich.com) MP3 of the opening thru section II available under Multimedia: MP3
• Amazon.com: Music For 18 Musicians (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000026258/102-1844560-2217757?v=glance)