Maltese Islands

The Maltese Islands is a cluster of islands found close to the geographical centre of the Mediterranean sea. The largest island in the archaepelago, Malta, is found approximately 80km south of Sicily. The islands cover an entire area of under 400km².

Geography of the Islands

The Maltese climate is relatively stable, having hot, dry summers and warm, wet winters.

The rock of the islands is sedimentary. Sedimentary Rock is formed by the precipitation of dead organisms and chemicals onto the sea bed. Plate movements then resulted in the emergence of the island out of the sea. cxccx In prehistoric times, the islands were linked to Africa and Italy by a land-bridge, over which many species of fauna emigrated. When sea-levels rose after the end of the ice age, the giant fauna, such as elephants were stuck on the small islands, eventually developing into pigmies. The most famous fossil bed in the Maltese Islands is called Ghar Dalam, found on the island of Malta.

History

The earliest inhabitants arrived on the Maltese Islands from Sicily some 7000 years ago. The history of the islands passed through several periods:

  1. Neolithic (c. 5000 - 4100 BC)
  2. Copper / Temple Age (c. 4100 - 2500 BC)
  3. Bronze Age (c. 2500 - 700BC)
  4. Phoenecian Rule (700 - 550BC)
  5. Carthaginian Rule (550 - 218BC)
  6. Roman Rule (218 BC - 535 AD)
  7. Byzantine Rule (535 - 870)
  8. Arab Rule (870 - 1091)
  9. Norman Rule (1091 - 1196)
  10. The Hohenstauffen (1196 - 1268)
  11. The Angevins (1268 - 1283)
  12. The Aragonese (1283 - 1530)
  13. The Knights of the Order of St. John (1530 - 1798)
  14. The French (1798 - 1800)
  15. The British (1800 - 1964)
  16. Independence (1964 - )
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