List of planetary probes

This list includes all individual planetary probes that have studied/were to/will study solar system objects:

• See also: unmanned space missions, satellites

(this list is still incomplete, and the probes should be sorted by date)

Contents

1 Solar probes 2 Mercury probes 3 Venus probes 4 Earth probes 4.1 Lunar probes 5 Mars probes 5.1 Phobos probes 6 Jupiter probes 6.1 Amalthea probes 6.2 Io probes 6.3 Europa probes 6.4 Ganymede probes 6.5 Callisto probes 7 Saturn probes 7.1 Mimas probes 7.2 Enceladus probes 7.3 Tethys probes 7.4 Dione probes 7.5 Rhea probes 7.6 Titan probes 7.7 Hyperion probes 7.8 Iapetus probes 7.9 Phoebe probes 8 Uranus probes 9 Neptune probes 10 Pluto probes 11 Asteroid probes 11.1 1 Ceres 11.2 4 Vesta 11.3 21 Lutetia 11.4 243 Ida 11.5 253 Mathilde 11.6 433 Eros 11.7 951 Gaspra 11.8 2867 Šteins 11.9 3840 Mimistrobell 11.10 4660 Nereus 11.11 4979 Otawara 11.12 5535 Annefrank 11.13 9969 Braille 11.14 25143 Itokawa 11.15 undecided Kuiper belt objects 12 Comet probes 12.1 1P/Halley 12.2 2P/Encke 12.3 6P/dArrest 12.4 9P/Tempel 12.5 19P/Borrelly 12.6 21P/Giacobini-Zinner 12.7 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup 12.8 46P/Wirtanen 12.9 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 12.10 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 12.11 81P/Wild 2

Solar probes

This list excludes Earth-orbiting observatories

• Pioneer 5 (USA, 1960) - success
• Pioneer 6 (USA, 1965) - success
• Pioneer 7 (USA, 1966) - success
• Pioneer 8 (USA, 1967) - success
• Pioneer 9 (USA, 1968) - success
• Helios 1 (USA/Germany, 1974) - success
• Helios 2 (USA/Germany, 1976) - success
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, 1994) - success - south polar observations
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, 1995) - success - north polar observations
• SOHO (ESA/NASA, 1995-) - success - solar monitor (still active)
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, 2000) - success - south polar observations
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, 2001) - success - north polar observations
• Genesis (NASA, 2001-2004) - partial success (crash landed) - sample return

Mercury probes

• Mariner 10 (NASA, 1974) - success - flyby
• Mariner 10 (NASA, 1974) - success - flyby
• Mariner 10 (NASA, 1975) - success - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2008) - launched - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2008) - launched - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2009) - launched - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2011-??) - launched - orbiter
• BepiColombo (ESA/JAXA, ????-??) - under construction - orbiters
  • MPO (ESA, ????-??) - under construction - orbiter
  • MMO (JAXA, ????-??) - under construction - orbiter
  • MSE (ESA, ????) - cancelled - lander

Venus probes

• Venera 1 (Soviet Union, 1961) - failure - flyby
• Mariner 1 (NASA, 1962) - failure - flyby
• Mariner 2 (NASA, 1962) - success - flyby
• Zond 1 (Soviet Union, 1964) - failure - flyby
• Venera 2 (Soviet Union, 1966) - failure - flyby
• Venera 3 (Soviet Union, 1966) - failure - atmospheric probe
• Venera 4 (Soviet Union, 1967) - success - atmospheric probe
• Venera 5 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - atmospheric probe
• Venera 6 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - atmospheric probe
• Venera 7 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - lander
• Venera 8 (Soviet Union, 1972) - success - lander
• Mariner 10 (NASA, 1974) - success - flyby
• Venera 9 (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - orbiter
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - lander
• Venera 10 (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - orbiter
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - lander
• Venera 11 (Soviet Union, 1978) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1978) - partial success - lander
• Venera 12 (Soviet Union, 1978) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1978) - partial success - lander
• Venera 13 (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - lander
• Venera 14 (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - lander
• Venera 15 (Soviet Union, 1983-1984) - success - orbiter
• Venera 16 (Soviet Union, 1983-1984) - success - orbiter
• Pioneer Venus Orbiter (NASA, 1978-1992) - success - orbiter
• Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (NASA, 1978) - success
  • Bus
  • Large Probe - atmospheric probe
  • North Probe - atmospheric probe
  • Day Probe - atmospheric probe
  • Night Probe - atmospheric probe
• Vega 1 (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - failure - lander
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - atmospheric balloon
• Vega 2 (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - flyby
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - lander
  • ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - atmospheric balloon
• Magellan (NASA, 1990-1994) - success - orbiter
• Galileo (NASA, 1990) - success - flyby
• Cassini (NASA, 1998) - success - flyby
• Cassini (NASA, 1999) - success - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2006) - launched - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2007) - launched - flyby

Earth probes

Flybys only

• Sakigake (ISAS, 1985-1999) - flyby
• Galileo (NASA, 1990) - success - flyby
• Galileo (NASA, 1992) - success - flyby
• NEAR Shoemaker (NASA, 1998) - success - flyby
• Cassini (NASA, 1999) - success - flyby
• Hayabusa (ISAS, 2004) - success - flyby
• Rosetta (ESA, 2005) - yet to arrive - flyby
• MESSENGER (NASA, 2005) - launched - flyby
• Rosetta (ESA, 2007) - yet to arrive - flyby

Lunar probes

• Pioneer 0 (USA, 1958) - failure - orbiter
• Pioneer 1 (USA, 1958) - failure - orbiter
• Pioneer 3 (USA, 1958) - failure - flyby
• Pioneer 4 (USA, 1959) - partial success - flyby
• Luna 1 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - flyby
• Luna 2 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - impactor
• Luna 3 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - flyby
• Ranger 3 (NASA, 1962) - failure - impactor
• Ranger 4 (NASA, 1962) - success - impactor
• Ranger 5 (NASA, 1962) - partial failure - impactor (became flyby)
• Luna 4 (Soviet Union, 1963) - partial failure - lander (became probe)
• Ranger 6 (NASA, 1964) - failure - impactor
• Ranger 7 (NASA, 1964) - success - impactor
• Ranger 8 (NASA, 1964) - success - impactor
• Ranger 9 (NASA, 1964) - success - impactor
• Zond 3 (Soviet Union, 1965) - success - flyby
• Luna 9 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - lander
• Luna 10 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - orbiter
• Surveyor 1 (NASA, 1966) - success - lander
• Luna 11 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - orbiter
• Surveyor 2 (NASA, 1966) - crashed - lander
• Luna 12 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - orbiter
• Luna 13 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - lander
• Lunar Orbiter 1 (NASA, 1966) - success - orbiter
• Lunar Orbiter 2 (NASA, 1966) - success - orbiter
• Explorer 35 (NASA, 1967) - success - orbiter
• Lunar Orbiter 3 (NASA, 1967) - success - orbiter
• Lunar Orbiter 4 (NASA, 1967) - success - orbiter
• Lunar Orbiter 5 (NASA, 1967) - success - orbiter
• Surveyor 3 (NASA, 1967) - success - lander
• Surveyor 4 (NASA, 1967) - crashed - lander
• Surveyor 5 (NASA, 1967) - success - lander
• Surveyor 6 (NASA, 1967) - success - lander
• Surveyor 7 (NASA, 1968) - success - lander
• Luna 14 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - orbiter
• Zond 5 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - flyby
• Zond 6 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - flyby
• Zond 7 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - flyby
• Luna 16 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - sample return
• Luna 17 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - lander
  • Lunokhod 1 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - rover
• Zond 8 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - flyby
• Luna 19 (Soviet Union, 1971) - success - orbiter
• Luna 20 (Soviet Union, 1972) - success - lander
• Luna 21 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - lander
  • Lunokhod 2 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - rover
• Luna 22 (Soviet Union, 1974) - success - orbiter
• Luna 24 (Soviet Union, 1976) - success - lander
• Hiten (ISAS, 1990) - success - orbiter
  • Hagoromo (ISAS, 1990) - failure - orbiter
• Clementine (USA, 1994) - success - orbiter
• Lunar Prospector (NASA, 1998) - success - orbiter
• SMART-1 (ESA, 2003-??) - in orbit - orbiter
• LUNAR-A (JAXA, 2004) - not yet launched - orbiter, penetrators
• SELENE (JAXA, 2006) - not yet launched - orbiter, lander

Mars probes

• Mars 1960A (Soviet Union, 1960) - failure
• Mars 1960B (Soviet Union, 1960) - failure
• Mars 1962A (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - flyby
• Mars 1 (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - flyby
• Mars 1962B (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - lander
• Mariner 3 (NASA, 1964) - failure - flyby
• Zond 2 (Soviet Union, 1964) - failure - flyby
• Mariner 4 (NASA, 1964) - success - flyby
• Mariner 6 (NASA, 1969) - success - flyby
• Mariner 7 (NASA, 1969) - success - flyby
• Mariner 8 (NASA, 1971) - failure - orbiter
• Mariner 9 (NASA, 1971) - success - orbiter
• Mars 2 (Soviet Union, 1971) - partial success - orbiter
  • Mars 2 Lander (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure - lander
• Mars 3 (Soviet Union, 1971) - partial failure - orbiter
  • Mars 3 Lander (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure - lander
• Cosmos 419 (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure
• Mars 4 (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - orbiter
• Mars 5 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - orbiter
• Mars 6 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - flyby
  • Mars 6 Lander (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - lander
• Mars 7 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - flyby
  • Mars 7 Lander (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - lander
• Viking 1 Orbiter (NASA, ????-??) - success - orbiter
  • Viking 1 Lander (NASA, ????-??) - success - lander
• Viking 2 Orbiter (NASA, ????-??) - success - orbiter
  • Viking 2 Lander (NASA, ????-??) - success - lander
• Phobos 1 (Soviet Union, 1988) - orbiter - failure
• Phobos 2 (Soviet Union, 1988) - orbiter - failure
• Mars Observer (NASA, 1992) - failure - orbiter
• Mars 96 (Russia, 1997) - failure - orbiter
  • ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - lander
  • ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - lander
  • ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - penetrator
  • ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - penetrator
• Mars Pathfinder (NASA, 1997) - success - lander
  • Sojourner (NASA, 1997) - success - rover
• Mars Global Surveyor (NASA, 1997-) - success - orbiter (still active)
• Mars Climate Orbiter (NASA, 1998) - failure - orbiter
• Mars Polar Lander (NASA, 1998) - failure - lander
  • Deep Space 2 "Amundsen" (NASA, 1998) - failure - penetrator
  • Deep Space 2 "Scott" (NASA, 1998) - failure - penetrator
• Nozomi (ISAS, 1996) - failure - orbiter
• 2001 Mars Odyssey (NASA, 2001-) - in orbit - orbiter
• Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander (NASA, 2001) - cancelled - lander
• MER-A "Spirit" (NASA, 2004) - success - rover (still active)
• MER-B "Opportunity" (NASA, 2004) - success - rover (still active)
• Mars Express (ESA, 2004-) - in orbit - orbiter
  • Beagle 2 (UK, 2004) - failure - lander
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA, 2005) - under construction - orbiter
• Phoenix (NASA, 2008) - under construction - lander
• Rosetta (ESA, 2007) - yet to arrive - flyby

Phobos probes

• Phobos 1 (Soviet Union, 1988) - lander - failure
• Phobos 2 (Soviet Union, 1988) - lander - failure

Jupiter probes

• Pioneer 10 (USA, 1973) - success - flyby
• Pioneer 11 (USA, 1974) - success - flyby
• Voyager 1 (NASA, 1979) - success - flyby
• Voyager 2 (NASA, 1979) - success - flyby
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, 1992) - success - flyby
• Galileo Orbiter (NASA, 1995-2003) - success - orbiter
  • Galileo Probe (NASA, 1995) - success - atmospheric probe
• Cassini (NASA, 2000-01) - success - flyby
• Ulysses (ESA/NASA, ????) - success - flyby

Amalthea probes

• Galileo Orbiter (NASA, 2002) - success - flyby

Io probes

• Galileo Orbiter (NASA) - success - multiple flybys

Europa probes

• Galileo Orbiter (NASA) - success - multiple flybys
• Europa Orbiter (NASA, ????) - cancelled - orbiter
• Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (NASA, ????) - under study - orbiter

Ganymede probes

• Galileo Orbiter (NASA) - success - multiple flybys
• Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (NASA, ????) - under study - orbiter

Callisto probes

• Galileo Orbiter (NASA) - success - multiple flybys
• Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (NASA, ????) - under study - orbiter

Saturn probes

• Pioneer 11 (USA, 1979) - success - flyby
• Voyager 1 (NASA, 1980) - success - flyby
• Voyager 2 (NASA, 1981) - success - flyby
• Cassini (NASA, 2004-) - in orbit - orbiter

Mimas probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Enceladus probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Tethys probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Dione probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Rhea probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Titan probes

• Cassini (NASA) - multiple flybys
  • Huygens (ESA, 2005) - success - atmospheric probe

Hyperion probes

• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Iapetus probes

• Cassini (NASA, 2005) - yet to arrive - flyby
• Cassini (NASA, ????) - yet to arrive - flyby

Phoebe probes

• Cassini (NASA, 2004) - success - flyby

Uranus probes

• Voyager 2 (NASA, 1986) - success - flyby

Neptune probes

• Voyager 2 (NASA, 1989) - success - flyby
• Neptune Orbiter (NASA, ????) - under study - orbiter

Pluto probes

• Pluto Fast Flyby (NASA, ????) - cancelled - flyby
• Pluto Express (NASA, ????) - cancelled - flyby
• New Horizons (NASA, ????) - under construction - flyby

Asteroid probes

1 Ceres

• Dawn (NASA, ????) - under construction - orbiter

4 Vesta

• Dawn (NASA, ????) - under construction - orbiter

21 Lutetia

• Rosetta (ESA, 2010) - yet to arrive - flyby

243 Ida

• Galileo (NASA, 1994) - success - flyby

253 Mathilde

• NEAR Shoemaker (NASA, 1997) - success - flyby

433 Eros

• NEAR Shoemaker (NASA, 1999) - flyby (failed orbital insertion)
• NEAR Shoemaker (NASA, 2000-01) - success - orbiter

951 Gaspra

• Galileo (NASA, 1991) - success - flyby

2867 Šteins

• Rosetta (ESA, 2008) - yet to arrive - flyby

3840 Mimistrobell

• Rosetta (ESA, 2006) - cancelled - flyby

4660 Nereus

• Hayabusa (ISAS, ????) - cancelled - sample return
  • SSV (NASA, ????) - cancelled - rover
• NEAP (????) - sample return

4979 Otawara

• Rosetta (ESA, 2006) - cancelled - flyby

5535 Annefrank

• Stardust (NASA, 2002) - success - distant flyby

9969 Braille

• Deep Space 1 (NASA, 1999) - partial success - flyby

25143 Itokawa

• Hayabusa (ISAS, 2005) - yet to arrive - sample return
  • SSV (NASA, ????) - cancelled - rover

undecided Kuiper belt objects

• New Horizons (NASA, ????) - under construction - flyby

Comet probes

1P/Halley

• Giotto (ESA, 1986) - success - flyby
• Vega 1 (Soviet Union, 1986) - success - flyby
• Vega 2 (Soviet Union, 1986) - success - flyby
• Sakigake (ISAS, 1986) - success - flyby
• Suisei (ISAS, 1986) - success - flyby

2P/Encke

• CONTOUR (NASA, 2003) - failure - flyby

6P/dArrest

• CONTOUR (NASA, 2008) - failure - flyby

9P/Tempel

• Deep Impact (NASA, 2005) - en route - flyby
  • Impactor (NASA, 2005) - en route - impactor

19P/Borrelly

• Deep Space 1 (NASA, 2001) - success - flyby

21P/Giacobini-Zinner

• Sakigake (ISAS, 1998) - failure - flyby
• Suisei (ISAS, 1998) - failure - flyby

26P/Grigg-Skjellerup

• Giotto (ESA, 1992) - success - flyby

46P/Wirtanen

• Rosetta (ESA, 2011) - cancelled - orbiter

67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

• Rosetta (ESA, 2014-15) - yet to arrive - orbiter
  • Philae (ESA, 2014) - yet to arrive - lander

73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3

• CONTOUR (NASA, 2006) - failure - flyby

81P/Wild 2

• Stardust (NASA, 2004) - success - flyby, sample return (yet to return)

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