List of letters used in mathematics and science
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Some common conventions:
- Intensive quantities in physics are usually denoted with minuscules, while extensive are denoted with capital letters.
- Most symbols are written in italics.
- Vectors are bold.
- Sets of numbers are blackboard bold.
Latin
Å - Ångström,
A - Ampere, Area, a Blood type, a Spectral type, Vector potential, Work,
B - B meson, a Blood type, Boron, Luminance, Magnetic field, a Spectral type,
C - Carbon, Degrees Celsius, Set of complex numbers, Coulomb, Molar heat capacity (Cp), a Programming language, Specific heat capacity,
D - Deuterium, Differential operator, Electric displacement,
E - Electric field, Energy, SI prefix: (exa-), Expected value,
F - degrees Fahrenheit, Farad, Fluorine, Force, Helmholtz free energy, a Spectral type,
G - Einstein tensor, SI prefix: (giga-), Gibbs free energy, Gravitational constant, Green's function, Momentum, a Spectral type,
H - Auxiliary magnetic field, Enthalpy, Hamiltonian, Hankel function, Heaviside step function, Henry, Higgs boson, Homology group,Hubble constant, Hydrogen, Set of Quaternions,
I - Current, Iodine, Impulse, Luminous intensity, Moment of inertia,
J - Angular momentum, Bessel function of the first kind, Current, Joule,
K - Kaon, Kelvin, Potassium, Sectional curvature,a Spectral type,
L - Angular momentum, Inductance, Lagrangian, Litre, a Spectral type,
M - Magnetization, Mass, SI prefix: (mega-), a Spectral type, Torque,
N - Avogadro's number (NA), Bessel function of the second kind, Set of natural numbers, Newton, Nitrogen, Normal distribution, Normal vector,
O - Big O notation, a Blood type, Oxygen, a Spectral type,
P - Legendre polynomial, Luminous flux, Phosphorus, Polarization, Power, Pressure, Probability, Projection,
Q - Electric charge, (Quantity of) heat, Set of rational numbers, Flow rate,
R - Curvature tensor, Electrical resistance, Radius, Set of real numbers,
S - Area, Entropy, Siemens, Sphere, Spin operator, Sulfur, Symmetric group,
T - a Spectral type, Temperature, Tesla, Tritium,
U - Potential energy, Uranium, Unitary operator,
V - Potential energy, Vanadium, Volt, Voltage, Volume,
W - Energy, Lambert's W function, Tungsten, Watt, W boson, Work, Work function,
X - Random variable,
Y - Bessel function of the second kind, SI prefix: (yotta-), Yttrium,
Z - Atomic number, Impedance, Set of integers, Partition function (statistical mechanics), Partition function (quantum field theory), Z boson, SI prefix: (zetta-),
a - SI prefix: (atto-), Acceleration, Reflectance,
b - Bottom quark,
c - SI prefix: (centi-), Charm quark, Speed of light, Speed of sound,
d - SI prefix: (deci-), Distance, Down quark, Infinitesimal quantity, differential operator,
e - Napier's constant, Electron, Electric charge,
f - SI prefix: (femto-), Frequency,
g - gram, Gravitational acceleration, Gravitational field, Distance metric of spacetime,
h - Height, Hour, Planck's constant, Spherical Hankel function,
i - Imaginary unit, Unit vector, Current,
j - Current and current density, Imaginary unit, Radiant intensity, Spherical Bessel function of the first kind, Unit vector,
k - Boltzmann constant (kB), Imaginary unit (quaternion), SI prefix: (kilo-), Wave vector, Unit vector,
l - Length, Litre, Mean free path,
m - magnitude, Mass, SI prefix: (milli-), Metre, Minute,
n - Amount of substance, SI prefix: (nano-), Neutron, Refractive index, Spherical Bessel function of the second kind,
o - small o notation.
p - Electric dipole moment, Momentum, SI prefix: (pico-), Proton,
q - Electric charge, Generalized coordinate,
r - Position (vector), Radial polar coordinate, Radius,
s - Second, Strange quark,
u - Up quark,
v - Velocity,
w - Velocity,
x - Position coordinate,
y - Position coordinate, SI prefix: (yocto-),
z - Complex number, Position coordinate, SI prefix: (zepto-),
Greek
Β - Beta function,
Γ - Angular momentum, Gamma function, Christoffel symbols,
Δ - A macroscopic change in the value of a variable, Laplace operator,
Λ - Iwasava algebra, Lorentz transformation,
Ξ -
Π - Product,
Φ - Alternative symbol for quantum mechanical wavefunction,
Ψ - Quantum mechanical wavefunction,
Ω - Chaitin's constant, Ohm, Solid angle,
α - Alpha particle, Fine structure constant, Angular acceleration,
β - Beta particle, Inverse temperature,
γ - Euler-Mascheroni constant, Gamma-ray (Photon), Photon, Relativistic gamma factor,
δ - Dirac delta function, Infinitesimal quantity, Kronecker delta,
ε - Infinitesimal quantity, Permittivity,
η - Distance metric of flat spacetime, Efficiency, Dynamic viscosity,
θ - Angle, Angular polar coordinate, Temperature,
ι -
λ - Half life, Lagrangian multiplicator, Lambda expression, Thermal conductivity, Wavelength,
μ - Absorption coefficient, Chemical potential, Magnetic dipole moment, Mean, SI prefix: (micro-), Micron, Muon, Permeability, Reduced mass,
ν - Frequency, Kinematic viscosity, Neutrino,
ξ -
ο -
π - Fundamental group, Conjugate momentum, Homotopy groups, Number π, Pion, Prime counting function, Projection
ρ - Density, Electrical resistivity, Radial polar coordinate,
σ - Cross section, Electrical conductivity, Spin, Standard deviation, Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
τ - Tauon, Torque, Shear stress,
υ -
φ - Angular polar coordinate, Electric potential, Euler's totient function, Golden mean, Phase, Potential energy,
ψ - Quantum mechanical wavefunction,
ω - Frequency (in radians/s), angular velocity,
More
Ш - Shafarevich-Tate group (Ш(G)),
ℵ - Cardinality of infinite sets,
∂ - Partial derivative.