List of ecoregions
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This is a list of ecoregions as compiled by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). That group divides the Earth's land surface into 8 major ecozones containing 867 smaller ecoregions. Many consider this classification to be quite decisive, and some propose these as stable borders for bioregional democracy initiatives.
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TERRESTRIAL
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Afrotropical
- Guinean moist forests (Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo)
- Congolian coastal forests (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, São Tomé & Príncipe, Republic of Congo)
- Cameroon highlands forests (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria)
- Northeastern Congo basin moist forests (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo)
- Central Congo basin moist forests (Democratic Republic of Congo)
- Western Congo basin moist forests (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo)
- Albertine rift montane forests (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)
- East African coastal forests (Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania)
- Eastern arc montane forests (Kenya, Tanzania)
- Madagascar forests and shrublands (Madagascar)
- Seychelles and Mascarenes moist forests (Mauritius, Reunion (France), Seychelles)
Australasia
- Sulawesi moist forests (Indonesia)
- Moluccas moist forests (Indonesia)
- Southern New Guinea lowland forests (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
- New Guinea montane forests (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
- Solomons-Vanuatu-Bismarck moist forests (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu)
- Queensland tropical forests (Australia)
- New Caledonia moist forests (New Caledonia)
- Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands forests (Australia)
Indo-Malayan
- Southwestern Ghats moist forests (India)
- Sri Lankan moist forests (Sri Lanka(
- Northern Indochina subtropical moist forests (China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Southeast China-Hainan moist forests (China, Vietnam)
- Taiwan montane forests (China)
- Annamite Range moist forests (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)
- Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests (Indonesia)
- Philippines moist forests (Philippines)
- Palawan moist forests (Philippines)
- Kayah-Karen / Tenasserim moist forests (Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
- Peninsular Malaysian lowland and mountain forests (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand)
- Borneo Lowland and montane forests (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests (Japan)
- Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests (India)
- Naga-Manupuri-Chin Hills moist forests (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar)
- Cardamom Mountains moist forests (Cambodia, Thailand)
- Western Java mountain forests (Indonesia)
Neotropical
- Greater Antillean moist forests (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico)
- Talamancan and Isthmian Pacific forests (Costa Rica, Panama)
- Chocó-Darién moist forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
- Northern Andean montane forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru)
- Coastal Venezuela montane forests (Venezuela)
- Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
- Napo moist forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Río Negro-Juruá moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela)
- Guayanan Highlands forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guayana, Suriname, Venezuela)
- Central Andean Yungas (Argentina, Bolivia, Peru)
- Southwestern Amazonian moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
- Atlantic forests (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
Oceania
- South Pacific Islands forests (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna Islands)
- Hawai'i moist forests (Hawaii)
Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Afrotropical
- Madagascar dry forests (Madagascar)
Australasia
- Nusu Tenggara dry forests (Indonesia)
- New Caledonia dry forests (New Caledonia)
Indo-Malayan
- Indochina dry forests (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Chhota-Nagpur dry forests (India)
Neotropical
- Mexican dry forest (Guatemala, Mexico)
- Tumbesian-Andean Valleys dry forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Chiquitano dry forest (Bolivia, Brazil)
- Atlantic dry forests (Brazil)
Oceania
- Hawaii dry forests (Hawaii)
Tropical and Suptropical Coniferous Forests
Neartic
- Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental Pine-Oak Forests (Mexico, United States)
Neotropical
- Greater Antillean Pine Forests (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti)
- Mesoamerican Pine-Oak Forests (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Australasia
- Eastern Australia Temperate Forests (Australia)
- Tasmanian Temperate Rain Forests (Australia)
- New Zealand Temperate Forests (New Zealand)
Indo-Malayan
- Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf and Conifer Forests (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
- Western Himalayan Temperate Forests (Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan)
Neartic
- Appalachian and Mixed Mesophytic Forests (United States)
Palearctic
- Southwest China Temperate Forests (China)
- Russian Far East Temperate Forests (Russia)
Temperate Coniferous Forests
Nearctic
- Pacific Temperate Rainforests (Canada, United States)
- Klamath-Siskiyou Coniferous Forests (United States)
- Sierra Nevada Coniferous Forests (United States)
- Southeastern Coniferous and Broadleaf Forests (United States)
Neotropical
- Valdivian temperate rain forests (Argentina, Chile)
Palearctic
- European-Mediterranean Montane Mixed Forests (Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
- Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian Temperate Forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan)
- Altai-Sayan Montane Forests (China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia)
- Hengduan Shan Coniferous Forests (China)
Boreal Forests / Taiga
Nearctic
- Muskwa / Slave Lake Boreal Forests (Canada)
- Canadian Boreal Forests (Canada_
Palearctic
- Ural Mountains Taiga (Russia)
- Eastern Siberian Taiga (Russia)
- Kamchatka Taiga and Grasslands (Russia)
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands
Afrotropical
- Horn of Africa Acacia Savannas (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan)
- East African Acacia Savannas (Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda)
- Central and Eastern Miombo Woodlands (Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
- Sudanian Savannas (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda)
Australasia
- Northern Australia and Trans-Fly Savannas (Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
Indo-Malayan
- Terai-Duar Savannas and Grasslands (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal)
Neotropical
- Llanos Savannas (Colombia, Venezuela)
- Cerrado Woodlands and Savannas (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands
Nearctic
- Northern Prairie (Canada, United States)
Neotropical
- Patagonian Steppe (Argentina, Chile)
Palearctic
- Daurian Steppe (China, Mongolia, Russia)
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas
Afrotropical
- Sudd-Sahelian Flooded Grasslands and Savannas (Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda)
- Zambezian Flooded Savannas (Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia)
Indo-Malayan
- Rann of Kutch Flooded Grasslands (India, Pakistan)
Neotropical
- Everglades Flooded Grasslands (United States)
- Pantanal Flooded Savannas (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands
Afrotropical
- Ethiopian Highlands (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan)
- Southern Rift Montane Woodlands (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia)
- East African Moorlands (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)
- Drakensberg Montane Shrublands and Woodlands (Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland)
Australasia
- Central Range Subalpine Grasslands (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
Indo-Malayan
- Kinabalu Montane Scrub (Malaysia)
Neotropical
- Northern Andean Paramo (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela)
- Central Andean Dry Puna (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
Palearctic
- Tibetan Plateau Steppe (Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan)
- Middle Asian Montane Steppe and Woodlands (Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)
- Eastern Himalayan Alpine Meadows (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
Tundra
Nearctic
- Alaskan North Slope Coastal Tundra (Canada, United States)
- Canadian Low Arctic Tundra (Canada)===Palearctic===
Palearctic
- Fenno-Scandia Alpine Tundra and Taiga (Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden)
- Taimyr and Siberian Coastal Tundra (Russia)
- Chukote Coastal Tundra (Russia)
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub
Afrotropical
- Fynbos (South Africa)
Australasia
- Southwestern Australia Forests and Scrub (Australia)
- Southern Australia Mallee and Woodlands (Australia)
Nearctic
- California Chaparral and Woodlands (Mexico, United States)
Neotropical
- Chilean Matorral (Chile)
Palearctic
- Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Madeira Islands, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Western Sahara, Yugoslavia)
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Afrotropical
- Namib-Karoo-Kaokeveld Deserts (Angola, Namibia, South Africa)
- Madagascar Spiny Thicket (Madagascar)
- Socotra Island Desert (Yemen)
- Arabian Highland Woodlands and Shrublands (Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
Australasia
- Carnavon Xeric Scrub (Australia)
- Great Sandy-Tanami Deserts (Australia)
Nearctic
- Sonoran-Baja Deserts (Mexico, United States)
- Chihuahuan-Tehuacán Deserts (Mexico, United States)
Neotropical
- Galápagos Islands Scrub (Ecuador)
- Atacama-Sechura Deserts (Chile, Peru)
Palearctic
- Central Asian Deserts (Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)
Mangroves
Afrotropical
- Gulf of Guinea Mangroves (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria)
- East African Mangroves (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
- Madagascar Mangroves (Madagascar)
Australasia
- New Guinea Mangroves (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Malayan)
- Sundarbans Mangroves (Bangladesh, India)
- Greater Sundas Mangroves (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia)
Neotropical
- Guianan-Amazon Mangroves (Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
- Panama Bight Mangroves (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru)
FRESHWATER
MARINE
See also:
Biome
External link
List of ecoregions (http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/ecoregions.cfm)