List of Unix programs

This is a list of Unix programs. Some of these programs are standard utilities that will be found on any Unix or Unix-like operating system; indeed a system without such basic components as ls or sh could scarcely be described as truly Unix-like. Others are more special-purpose and may not be installed by default. Finally, some items on this list are simply separate applications which happen to have been written for Unix.

Many MS-DOS commands are similar to, or based on these commands. See List of DOS commands for more information.

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Contents

System software

System Management

  • admin – Administer SCCS files
  • fuser (Unix) – Identify processes by files or sockets
  • mesg – Control write access to your terminal
  • newgrp – Log in to a new group
  • nohup – Run a command with immunity to hangups outputting to non–tty
  • pathchk – Check the validity/portability of filenames
  • logger – Make entries in the system log
  • sh – The Bourne shell, the standard Unix shell
  • dd – Convert and copy a file (Disk Dump)
  • dirname – Strip non–directory suffixes from a path
  • echo – Print to standard output
  • env – Show or change environment variables
  • file (or stat)– Determine the type of a file
  • strip – Discard symbols from object files
  • uptime – Print how long the system has been running

Kernel specific

  • ipcs – Provide information on IPC facilities
  • ipcrm – Remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id
  • date – Print or set the system date and/or time
  • uname – Print assorted system statistics

Processes and tasks management

  • nice – Alter priorities for processes
  • time – Time a command
  • top – Produce a dynamic list of all resident processes
  • wait – Wait for the specified process
  • renice – Alter the priorities of an already running process
  • return – Return a value
  • chroot – Change the system root directory for all child processes
  • timex – Time process shell execution, measure process data and system activity
  • kill – Send a signal to process, or terminate a process (by PID)
  • killall – Terminate all processes (in Linux, it's kill by name)
  • crontab – Crontab file editor
  • at – Single–time command scheduler
  • cron – Periodic command scheduler
  • daemonic – Interface to daemon init scripts
  • sleep – Delay for specified time
  • ps – Report process status
  • anacron – Periodic command scheduler

User management and support

  • su – Start a new process (defaults to shell) as a different user (defaults to root)
  • logname – Print user's login name
  • passwd – User and group entries for daemons
  • write – Send a message to another user
  • who – Show who is logged on
  • id – Print real/effective UIDs/GIDs
  • man – Manual browser
  • locale – Get locale specific information
  • localedef – Compile locale definitions
Terminal configuration
  • stty – Change and print terminal line settings
  • tty – Print filename of terminal connected to standard input
  • tput – Initialize a terminal/query terminfo database

Files and texts

  • CoreutilsGNU package, containing a lot of file, text, and shell utilities.
  • man – Displays online manual for a program

Filesystem Utilities

  • chgrp – Change the group of a file or directory
  • chmod – Change the permissions of a file or directory
  • chown – Change the owner of a file or directory
  • cp – Copy a file or directory to another location
  • df – Report disk space
  • du – Calculate used disk space
  • fsck – File System ChecK
  • ln – Link one file/directory to another
  • ls – List directory contents
  • mkdir – Make a directory
  • mkfifo – Make a named pipe
  • mount – Make a volume accessible through VFS
  • mv – Move/rename a file or directory
  • pwd – Print the current working directory
  • rm – Delete a file or directory
  • rmdel
  • rmdir – Delete a directory
  • touch – Create a new file or update its modification time
  • unlink

Archivers and compression

  • afio – Compatible superset of cpio with added functionality
  • ar – Maintain, modify, and extract from archives. Now largely obsoleted by tar
  • bzip2 – Block–sorting file compressor
  • compress – Traditional compressor using the LZW algorithm
  • cpio – A traditional archiving tool/format
  • gzip – The gzip file compressor
  • pax – POSIX archive tool that handles multiple formats.
  • tar – Tape ARchiver, concatenates files
  • uncompress – Uncompresses files compressed with compress.
  • zcat – Prints files to stdout from gzip archives without unpacking them to separate file(s)

Text Processing

  • awk – A pattern scanning and processing language
  • cmp – Compare two files byte for byte
  • comm – Sort two files and compare them line for line
  • diff – Compare two files line by line
  • expand – Convert tabs <–> spaces
  • grep – Print lines matching a pattern (now largely superseded by egrep)
  • merge – Three way merge of files (see also paste)
  • tail – Output the tail end of files
  • tr – Translate characters
  • uniq – Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
  • wc – Word/line/byte count
Editors
  • ed – Traditional line-based Unix text editor
  • emacs – Powerful Lisp–based text editor and general computing environment
  • ex – Text editor, often a symbolic link to vi (or vim) which causes it to run in ex emulation mode
  • NEdit – The multi-purpose X11 editor
  • nano – Clone of pico
  • pico – PIne's message COmposition editor
  • sam – Bitmapped text editor with client-server design, by Rob Pike
  • vi – Visual text editor
  • vim – Vi IMproved, vi clone with syntax highlighting and many other enhancements
  • XEmacs – Popular version of emacs that is derived from GNU emacs

Conversion

  • iconv – Convert the encoding of the specified files
  • nkf – Convert Japanese characters

More unsorted

  • fold – Wrap each input line to fit within the given width
  • fc
  • find – Search for files through a directory hierarchy
  • split – Split a file into pieces
  • sort – Sort lines of text files
  • tsort – Perform a topological sort
  • head – Output the first parts of a file
  • join – Join lines of two files on a common field
  • less – Improved more–like text pager
  • more – Pager
  • nl – Number the lines of a file
  • od – Dump files in various formats, e.g. octal
  • paste – Merge lines of files
  • patch – Change files based on a patch file
  • cut – Remove sections from each line of a file or standard input
  • csplit – Split a file into sections determined by context lines
  • cat – Concatenate files to standard output
  • cksum – Print the CRC checksum and bytecount of a file (see also MD5)
  • tac – The reverse of cat -- displays files to standard output in reverse order starting at the end of the file
  • tee – Read from standard input, write to standard output and files
  • unexpand – Convert spaces to tabs
  • uudecode
  • uuencode
  • sed – Stream EDitor

Communication, networking and remote access

Network system services

Network Utilities

Network monitoring and security

Other

  • uux
  • uustat
  • elm – Unix mail utility program
  • mailx – Email sending utility
  • talk – Talk to another logged–in user

Programming tools

Script Interpreters

Compilers and Programming tools

  • c99
  • cc – C Compiler
  • ctags – Generate tags file summarising location of objects in source files
  • distcc – Tool for distributing compiles across multiple machines
  • fort77 – Fortran 77 compiler
  • gcc – GNU Compiler Collection
  • lex – Lexical scanner generator
  • m4 – Macro language
  • make – Automate builds
  • nm – List symbols from object files
  • yacc – Parser generator

Scripting utilities

  • expr – Evaluate expressions
  • false – Return a value that evaluates as False
  • true – Return a value that evaluates as True
  • xargs – Build and execute command lines from standard output
  • basename – Returns the final component of a path
  • batch
  • unset
  • continue – Skip the current iteration of a loop
  • strings – Print strings of printable characters found in a file
  • times
  • test – Test an expression
  • hash
  • shift

User interface

Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces

  • Blackbox and its variants (including Fluxbox and Waimea)
  • CDE – Common Desktop Environment, most commonly found on proprietary UNIX systems
  • Enlightenment
  • Fvwm and its variant Fvwm95, which has been modified to behave like Windows 95
  • GNOME – GNU Network Object Model Environment
  • IceWM – ICE Window Manager
  • KDE – K Desktop Environment
  • AquaApple's GUI interface for the Darwin BSD based operating system Mac OS X
  • Window Maker
  • WMI – Window Manager Improved
  • XFce

Shells

  • bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell on linux systems
  • csh – C shell
  • ksh – Korn shell, standard shell on most proprietary Unix systems
  • rc – Rc originally written for Plan 9 from Bell Labs
  • tcshTENEX C shell, standard shell on BSD systems
  • zsh – Z shell

Computer security

Antivirus

  • ClamAV – Email virus scanner

Cryptography

Linux specific programs

Application software

Office suite

Multimedia

Web browsers

Desktop Publishing

  • Groff – Traditional typesetting system
  • LaTeX – Popular TeX macro package for higher–level typesetting
  • lp – Print a file (on a line printer)
  • Passepartout – Desktop publishing program
  • pr – Convert text files for printing
  • printf – Format and print data
  • Scribus – Desktop publishing program
  • TeX – High–quality macro–based typesetting system
  • troff – The original and standard Unix typesetting system

Databases

Mathematical and scientific software

  • maxima – Symbol manipulation program
  • units – Unit conversion program
  • octave – Numerical computing language (mostly compatible with Matlab) and environment.

Desktop utilities

  • dc – Reverse-Polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic
  • fortune – Fortune cookie program that prints a random quote
  • bc – An arbitrary precision calculator language with syntax similar to the C programming language.
  • cal – Displays a calendar

See also

External links

de:Unix-Kommandos es:Lista de programas para Unix fr:Commandes UNIX pl:Polecenia systemu operacyjnego Unix pt:Lista de programas para Unix ru:Программы юникс-подобных операционных систем

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