Lignite

Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is the lowest rank of coal and used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite mine in -Döhlen
Lignite mine in Leipzig-Döhlen

It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu/ton (10 to 20 MJ/kg) on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu/ton (15 MJ/kg), on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Lignite mined in millions of metric tons:

1970 1980 1990 2000 2001
1. Germany 369,300 388,000 356,500 167,700 175,400
2. Russia 127,000 141,000 137,300 86,400 83,200
3. USA 5,400 42,300 82,600 83,500 80,500
4. Australia 24,200 32,900 46,000 65,000 67,800
5. Greece 8,100 23,200 51,700 63,300 67,000
6. Poland 32,800 36,900 67,600 61,300 59,500
7. Turkey 4,400 15,000 43,800 63,000 57,200
8. Czech Republic 67,000 87,000 71,000 50,100 50,700
9. China 13,000 22,000 38,000 40,000 47,000
10. Serbia and Montenegro 26,000 43,000 60,000 35,500 35,500
11. Romania 14,100 27,100 33,500 17,900 29,800
12. North Korea 5,700 10,000 10,000 26,000 26,500
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... Austria 3,700 1,700 2,500 1,300 1,200
... Total 804,000 1.028,000 1.214,000 877,400 894,800

de:Braunkohle el:Λιγνίτης it:Lignite pl:Węgiel brunatny

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