Free On Board
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Free on Board (FOB) is an Incoterm. It means the same as FAS, but the seller also pays for the loading costs. The passing of risks occurs when the goods pass the ship's rail at the port of shipment.
Internationally the term is used to specify the port of origin. An example would be "FOB New York" or "FOB Vancouver".
Domestically within the United States and Canada, the term is used in two common phrases, "FOB shipping point" and "FOB destination," to distinguish when the title of goods passes from the seller to the buyer. Under the terms of "FOB shipping point," the title of the goods passes to the buyer at the shipping point. Similarly, under the terms of "FOB destination", the title of the goods passes to the buyer when the goods arrives at its destination. The distinction is important because it determines who pays for the shipping costs of the merchandise: whoever holds the title to the merchandise at the time of its shipping pays for its transportation costs.
With the advent of e-commerce, most commercial electronic transactions occur under the terms of "FOB shipping point." Most analysts see this as a disadvantage of online shopping compared to traditional in-person purchasing, where "FOB destination" is more prevalent. When counting inventory, merchandise in transit plays a crucial role whether or not it is added to the company's balance sheet. Items under "FOB shipping point/destination" are checked to see if the purchaser has title of the goods. If it does, then they are added to the inventory count, but not the balance sheet. If not, they are treated as would items under consignment, meaning they still belong to the supplier.