Ford Pinto engine
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The Ford Pinto engine is the unofficial but ubiquitous nickname for a 4 cylinder internal combustion engine built by the Ford Motor Company in Europe. In Ford sales literature it was referred to as the EAO or OHC engine, it is also sometimes called the Metric engine since it was designed using the metric system. The internal Ford codename for the unit was the T88-series engine.
It was used in many European Ford cars and was exported to the United States to be used in the Ford Pinto, a successful compact car of the 1970s, hence the name which is used most often for the unit.
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OHC
In Europe, the OHC was introduced in 1970 to replace the Essex V4 in the Mk.3 Ford Cortina (Taunus). It was the first Ford engine to feature a belt-driven overhead camshaft (thus the name).
Applications:
- Ford Taunus
- Ford Escort RS2000
- Ford Cortina
- Ford Sierra
- Ford Granada
- Ford Scorpio
- Ford Transit van.
- TVR Tasmin 200
The Pinto engine was available in displacements of 1.3 L, 1.6 L, 1.8 L and 2.0 L. Due to emission requirements it was phased out towards the end of the 1980s to be replaced by the CVH engine and DOHC engine, the latter being a twin-cam development of the Pinto unit. The 16-valve version of the DOHC unit is still used on the Ford Transit.
1.6 EAO
The 1.6 L (1592 or 1593 cc) OHC had a bore of 87.67 mm (3.5 in) and a stroke of 66.00 mm (2.6 in). It produced 61 kW (82 hp) and 130 N·m (96 ft·lbf ) of torque.
Applications:
- 1970 Ford Taunus
- Ford Cortina Mk III and IV
- Ford Sierra
- HC LCS/LCT, 55 kW (74 hp) and 120 N·m (88 ft·lbf) (Economy)
2.0 EAO
The 2.0 L (1993 cm³) EAO was used in many vehicles from the early 1970s. Bore was 91 mm and stroke was 77 mm.
The 1971 Pinto and Capri used this engine with a single Weber 32/36 DFAV carburetor and 8.2:1 compression. In this application, it produced 64 kW (86 hp) and 140 N·m (103 ft·lbf). The engine was produced in Cologne, Germany.
Output in the Escort RS2000 was 82 kW (110 hp) and 161 N·m (119 ft·lbf).
Applications:
- 1971 Ford Pinto 2000
- 1971 Ford Capri 2000
- Ford Cortina Mk III and IV
- 1975 Ford Escort RS2000
- 1978 Ford Transit
2.3 OHC
The Ford Pinto used the OHC version, a 2.3 L (2302 cm³) unit introduced in 1974 which has a 96 mm bore and 79.5 mm stroke. This version lasted until 1995 in various guises. The earliest units produced 66 kW (88 hp) and 160 N·m (118 ft·lbf). This engine has also been known as the Lima engine, after the plant in Lima, Ohio, where it was originally manufactured (it was also later manufactured in Brazil).
In the 1980s, a turbocharged and intercooled version (with 0.1 mm less stroke) was used in the famous Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe. Output for this version was 142 kW (190 hp) and 325 N·m (240 ft·lbf) for the 1987-88 model with the 5-speed manual transmission. The turbocharged and intercooled 2.3 was also used in the 1984-86 Mustang SVO, while the 1986-89 Merkur XR4Ti skipped the intercooler on its turbo version.
A dual-spark version (with two spark plugs per cylinder and distributorless ignition) was introduced in the 1989 Ford Ranger and 1991 Ford Mustang. This version produced 78 kW (105 hp) and 183 N·m (135 ft·lbf).
Applications:
- Non-turbo
- Turbo
- Turbo/Intercooler
1.3 OHC
The smallest member of the family was the 1.3 L (1294 cc) "1.3 HC JCT". With a 79.02 mm (3.1 in) bore and 66.00 mm (2.6 in) stroke, it produced 44 kW (59 hp) and 98 N·m (72 ft·lbf) in the Ford Sierra.
1.6 OHC
A later version also displaced 1.6 L but measured 1597 cc with an 81.32 mm (3.2 in) bore and 76.95 mm (3 in) stroke. This "HC E LSD", used in the Ford Sierra, produced 55 kW (73.8 hp) and 123 N·m (90 ft·lbf).
1.8 OHC
A 1.8 L (1796 cc) version was used in the Ford Sierra Cosworth. This engine, the "HC E REB", had an 86.20 mm (3.4 in) bore and 76.95 mm (3 in) stroke. Output was 66 kW (88.5 hp) and 140 N·m (103 ft·lbf).
2.0 OHC
A de-bored version of the 2.3 OHC was introduced in 1983 for Ford's light trucks. Output was 73 hp (54 kW). Bore was 90.82 mm (3.6 in) and stroke was 76.95 mm (3 in) for a total of 1993 cc displacement.
Applications:
- Ford Ranger
- Ford Aerostar
- Ford Sierra
- HC NET, 77 kW (103.3 hp) and 157 N·m (115 ft·lbf)
- HC i NR, 85 kW (114 hp) and 160 N·m (118 ft·lbf)
- N5A (Sierra Cosworth 2wd), 150 kW (201 hp) and 278 N·m (205 ft·lbf)
- N5C (Sierra Cosworth 4wd), 162 kW (217 hp) and 290 N·m (213 ft·lbf)
- Ford Escort
- N5F (Escort Cosworth 4wd), 165 kW (221 hp) and 290 N·m (213 ft·lbf)
2.5 OHC
A stroked (by 7 mm) version of the 2.3 OHC Ford Ranger engine appeared in 1998. It also used higher-flow cylinder heads for better intake and combustion. Output was 89 kW (119 hp) and 202 N·m (149 ft·lbf). Ford Power Products sells this engine as the LRG-425.
Applications:
- 1998 Ford Ranger
DOHC
A 16-valve DOHC variant of the Pinto engine was quickly developed.
1.8
The 1.8 L (1845 cm³) DOHC engine used an 86.8 mm (3.4 in) bore and 77.62 mm (3.1 in) stroke. It produced 86 kW (115 hp) and 163 N·m (120 ft·lbf).
Applications:
- 1975 Ford Escort RS1800