Encoder
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An encoder is a device used to encode a bitstream or other signal or data into a form that is acceptable for transmission or storage. This is usually done by means of an algorithm, especially if any part is digital, while most analogue is done with circuitry.
See also endec.
An encoder is also a sensor or transducer for converting rotary motion or position to a series of electronic pulses. --from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing