Early Cyrillic alphabet

The Early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the 10th century A.D. for the writing of Old Church Slavonic. With Christianity having been made the official state religion in 864, King Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Climent of Ochrid developed the alphabet and named it for his teacher, St. Cyril, a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited with inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet and an influence on this one. The alphabet also shows influence from the Greek and Latin alphabets. In the following centuries, the Early Cyrillic was replaced by a later form, the Modern Cyrillic alphabet, which is still widely in use throughout Asia and Eastern Europe. Template:IPA notice

Contents

The alphabet

Image Unicode Name
(Cyrillic)
Name
(transliterated)
Name
(IPA)
Transliteration IPA Notes
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Azu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Azu.png

А а АЗЪ azǔ a
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.png

Б б БѸКИ buky b
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Viedi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Viedi.png

В в ВѢДИ vědě v
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Glagoli.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli.png

Г г ГЛАГОЛИ glagoli g
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dobro.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dobro.png

Д д ДОБРО dobro d
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yesti.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yesti.png

Є є ѤСТЬ estǐ e
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Zhiviete.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zhiviete.png

Ж ж ЖИВѢТЄ živěte ž, zh
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dzelo.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dzelo.png

Ѕ ѕ ЅѢЛО dzělo dz, Z
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Zemlia.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zemlia.png

З з ЗЄМЛIА zeml’ja z See note 1
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Izhe.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhe.png

И и ИЖЄ iže i
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_I.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter I.png

І і / Ї ї И i i, I
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Kako.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Kako.png

К к КАКО kako k
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Liudiye.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Liudiye.png

Л л ЛЮДИѤ ljudije l
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Myslite.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Myslite.png

М м МЫСЛИТЄ mūslite m
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Nashi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Nashi.png

Н н НАШЬ našǐ n
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Onu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Onu.png

О о ОНЪ onǔ o
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Pokoi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi.png

П п ПОКОИ pokoi p
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Koppa.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Koppa.png

Ҁ ҁ КОППА? koppa? q
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ritsi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ritsi.png

Р р РЬЦИ rǐci r
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Slovo.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Slovo.png

С с СЛОВО slovo s
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tvrido.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido.png

Т т ТВРЬДО tvrǐdo t
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Uku.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Uku.png

Ѹ ѹ ѸКЪ ukǔ u See note 2
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Fritu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fritu.png

Ф ф ФРЬТЪ frǐtǔ f
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Khieru.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Khieru.png

Х х ХѢРЪ xěrǔ  ? x
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Otu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Otu.png

Ѡ ѡ ОТЪ otǔ ō, w
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tsi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tsi.png

Ц ц ЦИ ci c
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Chrivi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Chrivi.png

Ч ч ЧРЬВЬ červ č, ch
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Sha.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Sha.png

Ш ш ША ša š, sh
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Shta.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.png

Щ щ ШТА šta št, sht, šč, shch
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yeru.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeru.png

Ъ ъ ѤРЪ jerǔ ǔ, u:
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yery.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yery.png

Ы ы ѤРЫ jerū ū
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yeri.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeri.png

Ь ь ѤРЬ jerǐ ǐ, i:
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yati.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yati.png

Ѣ ѣ ЯТЬ jatǐ ě, je
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yu.png

Ю ю Ю ju ju
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ya.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ya.png

Я я (И)Я ja ja
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.png

Ѧ ѧ ѦСЪ ęsǔ ę, ẽ See note 3
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy_Yotirovaniy.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy Yotirovaniy.png

Ѩ ѩ ѨСЪ jęsǔ ję, jẽ See note 4
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Bolshiy.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy.png

Ѫ ѫ ѪСЪ ǫsǔ ǫ, õ See note 5
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Bolshiy_Yotirovaniy.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy Yotirovaniy.png

Ѭ ѭ ѬСЪ jǫsǔ jǫ, jõ See note 6
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ksi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ksi.png

Ѯ ѯ КСИ ksi ks
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Psi.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Psi.png

Ѱ ѱ ПСИ psi ps
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Fita.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fita.png

Ѳ ѳ ФИТА fita θ, th, T, F
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Izhitsa.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhitsa.png

Ѵ ѵ ИЖИЦА ižica ü
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ye.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ye.png

Ѥ ѥ (И)Ѥ jeː jeː
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dierv.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dierv.png

Ћ ћ ДѤРВ đerv, djerv đ, dj See note 7
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tvrido_Otu.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido Otu.png

Ѿ ѿ ТВРЬДО ОТЪ tvrǐdo otǔ tō, tw
Missing image
Early_Cyrillic_letter_O.png
Image:Early Cyrillic letter O.png

  See note 8

Notes

  1. Zemlya: The first form developed into the second.
  2. Ouku: The first form developed into a vertical ligature, shown in the second form.
  3. Ęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ (jusǔ malūi; IPA: [jusʌ malyi]).
  4. Jęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ malūi jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌmalyi jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
  5. Ǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː]). This glyph is rare.
  6. Jǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
  7. Đerv: This letter is present in the Glagolitic alphabet, but its sound had disappeared by the time Cyrillic started to be used. In Russian, Gherv or Dzherv is only used in modern scientific texts where Cyrillic is used to transliterate Glagolitic; the character is found in some Balkan languages, notably the languages of the former Yugoslavia.
  8. Ornate omega: The name of this glyph is unknown; it would seem to be used in interjections, especially before vocatives.

Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo.

Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right):

Punctuation marks:

See also

Template:Commons

References

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