Early Cyrillic alphabet

From Academic Kids

The Early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the 10th century A.D. for the writing of Old Church Slavonic. With Christianity having been made the official state religion in 864, King Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Climent of Ochrid developed the alphabet and named it for his teacher, St. Cyril, a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited with inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet and an influence on this one. The alphabet also shows influence from the Greek and Latin alphabets. In the following centuries, the Early Cyrillic was replaced by a later form, the Modern Cyrillic alphabet, which is still widely in use throughout Asia and Eastern Europe. Template:IPA notice

Contents

1 The alphabet

1.1 Notes

2 Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

3 See also

4 References

[edit]

The alphabet

Image	Unicode	Name (Cyrillic)	Name (transliterated)	Name (IPA)	Transliteration	IPA	Notes
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Azu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Azu.png	А а	АЗЪ	azǔ	Template:IPA	a	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.png	Б б	БѸКИ	buky	Template:IPA	b	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Viedi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Viedi.png	В в	ВѢДИ	vědě	Template:IPA	v	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Glagoli.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli.png	Г г	ГЛАГОЛИ	glagoli	Template:IPA	g	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dobro.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dobro.png	Д д	ДОБРО	dobro	Template:IPA	d	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yesti.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yesti.png	Є є	ѤСТЬ	estǐ	Template:IPA	e	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Zhiviete.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zhiviete.png	Ж ж	ЖИВѢТЄ	živěte	Template:IPA	ž, zh	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dzelo.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dzelo.png	Ѕ ѕ	ЅѢЛО	dzělo	Template:IPA	dz, Z	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Zemlia.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zemlia.png	З з	ЗЄМЛIА	zeml’ja	Template:IPA	z	Template:IPA	See note 1
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Izhe.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhe.png	И и	ИЖЄ	iže	Template:IPA	i	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_I.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter I.png	І і / Ї ї	И	i	Template:IPA	i, I	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Kako.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Kako.png	К к	КАКО	kako	Template:IPA	k	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Liudiye.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Liudiye.png	Л л	ЛЮДИѤ	ljudije	Template:IPA	l	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Myslite.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Myslite.png	М м	МЫСЛИТЄ	mūslite	Template:IPA	m	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Nashi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Nashi.png	Н н	НАШЬ	našǐ	Template:IPA	n	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Onu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Onu.png	О о	ОНЪ	onǔ	Template:IPA	o	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Pokoi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi.png	П п	ПОКОИ	pokoi	Template:IPA	p	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Koppa.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Koppa.png	Ҁ ҁ	КОППА?	koppa?	Template:IPA	q	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ritsi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ritsi.png	Р р	РЬЦИ	rǐci	Template:IPA	r	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Slovo.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Slovo.png	С с	СЛОВО	slovo	Template:IPA	s	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tvrido.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido.png	Т т	ТВРЬДО	tvrǐdo	Template:IPA	t	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Uku.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Uku.png	Ѹ ѹ	ѸКЪ	ukǔ	Template:IPA	u	Template:IPA	See note 2
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Fritu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fritu.png	Ф ф	ФРЬТЪ	frǐtǔ	Template:IPA	f	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Khieru.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Khieru.png	Х х	ХѢРЪ	xěrǔ	Template:IPA?	x	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Otu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Otu.png	Ѡ ѡ	ОТЪ	otǔ	Template:IPA	ō, w	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tsi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tsi.png	Ц ц	ЦИ	ci	Template:IPA	c	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Chrivi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Chrivi.png	Ч ч	ЧРЬВЬ	červ	Template:IPA	č, ch	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Sha.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Sha.png	Ш ш	ША	ša	Template:IPA	š, sh	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Shta.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.png	Щ щ	ШТА	šta	Template:IPA	št, sht, šč, shch	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yeru.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeru.png	Ъ ъ	ѤРЪ	jerǔ	Template:IPA	ǔ, u:	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yery.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yery.png	Ы ы	ѤРЫ	jerū	Template:IPA	ū	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yeri.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeri.png	Ь ь	ѤРЬ	jerǐ	Template:IPA	ǐ, i:	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yati.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yati.png	Ѣ ѣ	ЯТЬ	jatǐ	Template:IPA	ě, je	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yu.png	Ю ю	Ю	ju	Template:IPA	ju	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ya.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ya.png	Я я	(И)Я	ja	Template:IPA	ja	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.png	Ѧ ѧ	ѦСЪ	ęsǔ	Template:IPA	ę, ẽ	Template:IPA	See note 3
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy_Yotirovaniy.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy Yotirovaniy.png	Ѩ ѩ	ѨСЪ	jęsǔ	Template:IPA	ję, jẽ	Template:IPA	See note 4
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Bolshiy.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy.png	Ѫ ѫ	ѪСЪ	ǫsǔ	Template:IPA	ǫ, õ	Template:IPA	See note 5
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Bolshiy_Yotirovaniy.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy Yotirovaniy.png	Ѭ ѭ	ѬСЪ	jǫsǔ	Template:IPA	jǫ, jõ	Template:IPA	See note 6
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ksi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ksi.png	Ѯ ѯ	КСИ	ksi	Template:IPA	ks	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Psi.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Psi.png	Ѱ ѱ	ПСИ	psi	Template:IPA	ps	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Fita.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fita.png	Ѳ ѳ	ФИТА	fita	Template:IPA	θ, th, T, F	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Izhitsa.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhitsa.png	Ѵ ѵ	ИЖИЦА	ižica	Template:IPA	ü	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Ye.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ye.png	Ѥ ѥ	(И)Ѥ	jeː	Template:IPA	jeː	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Dierv.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dierv.png	Ћ ћ	ДѤРВ	đerv, djerv	Template:IPA	đ, dj	Template:IPA	See note 7
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_Tvrido_Otu.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido Otu.png	Ѿ ѿ	ТВРЬДО ОТЪ	tvrǐdo otǔ	Template:IPA	tō, tw	Template:IPA
Missing image Early_Cyrillic_letter_O.png Image:Early Cyrillic letter O.png							See note 8

[edit]

Notes

Zemlya: The first form developed into the second.
Ouku: The first form developed into a vertical ligature, shown in the second form.
Ęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ (jusǔ malūi; IPA: [jusʌ malyi]).
Jęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ malūi jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌmalyi jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
Ǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː]). This glyph is rare.
Jǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
Đerv: This letter is present in the Glagolitic alphabet, but its sound had disappeared by the time Cyrillic started to be used. In Russian, Gherv or Dzherv is only used in modern scientific texts where Cyrillic is used to transliterate Glagolitic; the character is found in some Balkan languages, notably the languages of the former Yugoslavia.
Ornate omega: The name of this glyph is unknown; it would seem to be used in interjections, especially before vocatives.

[edit]

Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo.

Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right):

Template:Polytonic oksia, indicating a stressed syllable (Unicode U+1FFD), similar to an acute accent
Template:Polytonic varia, indicating stress on the last syllable (U+1FEF), similar to a grave accent
Template:Polytonic kamora, indicating palatalization (U+0484), similar to an inverted breve
Template:Polytonic dasy pneuma, rough breathing mark (U+0485)
Template:Polytonic zvatel'tse, or psilon pneuma, soft breathing mark (U+0486)
Template:Polytonic titlo, indicating abbreviations, or letters used as numerals (U+0483)
Template:Polytonic trema, diaeresis (U+0308)
Template:Polytonic Combined zvatel'tse and oksia is called iso.
Template:Polytonic Combined zvatel'tse and varia is called apostrof.