Bearberry

Bearberry
Missing image
Bearberry.jpg



Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Ericales
Family:Ericaceae
Genus:Arctostaphylos
Species

Arctostaphylos alpina - Alpine Bearberry
Arctostaphylos rubra - Red Bearberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Common Bearberry

Bearberries are three species of dwarf shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos. Unlike the other species of Arctostaphylos (see Manzanita), they are adapted to arctic and sub-arctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe, one with a small highly disjunct population in Central America. The name bearberry derives from the edible fruit, said to be greatly enjoyed by bears. Other names include Kinnikinnick and Mealberry. The fruit, also called bearberries, are edible and sometimes gathered for food. The leaves of the plant are used in herbal medicine.

  • Alpine Bearberry - A. alpina (L.) Spreng (syn. Arctous alpinus (L.) Niedenzu). A procumbent shrub 10-30 cm high. Leaves not winter green, but dead leaves persist on stems for several years. Berries dark purple to black. Distribution: circumpolar, at high latitudes, from Scotland east across Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland; southern limits in Europe in the Pyrenees and the Alps, in Asia to the Altai mountains, and in North America to British Columbia in the west, and Maine and New Hampshire in the US in the east.
  • Red Bearberry - A. rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fernald (syn. Arctous rubra (Rehder and E.H. Wilson) Nakai; Arctous alpinus var. ruber Rehd. and Wilson). A procumbent shrub 10-30 cm high. Leaves deciduous, falling in autumn to leave bare stems. Berries red. Distribution: in the mountains of Sichuan, southwestern China north and east to eastern Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada east to northern Quebec.
Missing image
Illustration_Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi0.jpg
Common Bearberry
from Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
    • Common Bearberry - A. uva-ursi subsp. uva-ursi. Circumpolar.
    • A. uva-ursi subsp. adenotricha. central High Sierra Nevada.
    • A. uva-ursi subsp. coactilis. north coast California, central coast California, San Francisco Bay Area.
    • Guatemala Bearberry - A. uva-ursi subsp. cratericola (J. D. Smith) P. V. Wells. Endemic to Guatemala at very high altitudes (3000-4000 m).


See also manzanita for other species in the same genus.

de:Bärentrauben fr:Raisin d'ours nl:Berendruif

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