Battle of Xiangyang
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The Battle of Xiangyang was a six-year battle consisting of skirmishes, ground assault, and the siege of the twin fortified cities of Fancheng and Xiangyang in modern-day Hubei, China, starting in AD 1268. Lü Wenhuan, commander-in-chief of the Song Dynasty, surrendered to Kublai Khan in 1273.
The conventional use of Mongolian cavalry was restricted by the woody terrain and numerous military outposts of the Southern Song Dynasty. Chinese firearms and cannons were employed in the victorious siege of Fancheng after capturing the outposts and defeating relieving Chinese forces from Sichuan and Yuezhou.