Architecture timeline
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This page indexes the individual year in architecture pages. Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point.
- 21st century in architecture:
- 20th century in architecture:
- 19th century in architecture:
- Pre-18th century in architecture:
- 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD - 1000s - 1100s - 1200s - 1300s - 1400s - 1500s - 1600s
2000s
- 2005 -
- 2004 - 30 St Mary Axe designed by Norman Foster.
- 2003 -
- 2002 -
- 2001 - Santiago Calatrava completes Milwaukee Art Museum
- 2000 -
1990s
- 1999 -
- 1998 - Lúcio Costa dies.
- 1997 - Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designed by Frank Gehry.
- 1996 - Oscar Niemeyer completes the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in Brazil.
- 1995 -
- 1994 -
- 1993 -
- 1992 -
- 1991 -
- 1990 -
1980s
- 1989 - I. M. Pei's pyramid addition to the Louvre is opened.
- 1988 -
- 1987 -
- 1986 -
- 1985 -
- 1984 -
- 1983 -
- 1982 -
- 1981 -
- 1980 -
1970s
- 1979 - Charles Moore designs the Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans.
- 1978 - Charles Eames dies.
- 1977 - Frank Gehry redesigns his own house in Santa Monica, California. Charles Moore designs Sea Ranch condominiums in California.
- 1976 -
- 1975 -
- 1974 - Louis Kahn dies. His National Assembly Building in Dakka, Bangladesh, is completed.
- 1973 - Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano begin designing the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, which is finished in 1977. I. M. Pei completes the John Hancock Tower in Boston, MA, USA. The World Trade Center towers, designed by Minoru Yamasaki, are opened in New York.
- 1972 -
- 1971 -
- 1970 - Construction begins on the Sears Tower in Chicago, deisgned by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan (of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill).
1960s
- 1969 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius die.
- 1968 - Mies van der Rohe's New National Gallery in Berlin finished.
- 1967 - Expo '67 in Montréal features the American pavilion, a geodesic dome designed by Buckminster Fuller, and the Habitat 67 housing complex designed by Moshe Safdie.
- 1966 - The Gateway Arch by Eero Saarinen is finished in Saint Louis, Missouri.
- 1965 - Le Corbusier dies. Louis Kahn completes the Salk Institute in California.
- 1964 - Robert Venturi completes the Vanna Venturi House in Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, considered the first postmodern house, and publishes his attack on modernism, Complexity and Contradiction In Architecture. Le Corbusier finishes his Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- 1963 - Paul Rudolph completes the Yale School of Art and Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut. The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished, completing largely the design for the civic structures for the new city deisgned by Le Corbusier.
- 1962 - The famed TWA Terminal at Idlewild Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport), designed by Eero Saarinen, is completed.
- 1961 - Louis Kahn finishes the Richards Medical Building at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and the Esherick House in Chestnut Hill, PA, USA. Eero Saarinen dies at 51 from a brain tumor.
- 1960 - Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer lay out the city plan and government buildings for Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil. Convent of La Tourette in France finished by Le Corbusier.
1950s
- 1959 - Frank Lloyd Wright dies, and his Guggenheim Museum in New York is finished after 16 years of work on the project.
- 1958 - Seagram's Building in New York designed by Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. Construction starts on Eero Saarinen's Dulles Airport outside Washington, D.C..
- 1957 - The Interbau 57 exposition of apartment blocks in Berlin features structures by Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and his The Architect's Collaborative (TAC), and an unité by Le Corbusier.
- 1956 - Crown Hall at the IIT, Chicago, designed by Mies van der Rohe, finished.
- 1955 - Completion of Le Corbusier's Notre-Dame-du-Haut chapel at Ronchamp, France. Eero Saarinen finishes the Kresge Auditorium at MIT.
- 1954 - Louis Kahn finishes his Yale University Art Center in New Haven, CT, USA. Auguste Perret, pioneer of reinforced concrete, dies.
- 1953 - Completion of the United Nations Headquarters in New York by a deisgn team headed by Wallace Harrison and Max Abramowitz.
- 1952 - Le Corbusier completes his Unité d'Habitation in Marseilles. The Lever Brothers House is designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill.
- 1951 - Mies van der Rohe's Lake Shore Drive Apartments completed in Chicago.
- 1950 - Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe finished.
1940s
- 1949 - Charles and Ray Eames build the Eames House, also known as Case Study House #8, in Pacific Palisades, CA, USA. Philip Johnson designs his "Glass House" in New Canaan, CT, USA, his residence until his death.
- 1948 - Pietro Belluschi completes the Equitable Building in Portland, Oregon, one of the first examples of postwar modernism in the United States.
- 1947 - Work begins on Le Corbusier's apartment block known as the Unité d'Habitation in Marseilles, France. Alvar Aalto builds his Baker House at MIT.
- 1946 -
- 1945 - Le Corbusier draws up plans for Saint-Dié-des-Vosges and La Rochelle-La Pallice, both in France. John Entenza begins the Case Study House Program in Arts and Architecture magazine. Auguste Perret lays out the new urban plan for Le Havre, France.
- 1944 -
- 1943 - Oscar Niemeyer completes his Pampulha project in Brazil. Le Corbusier publishes La Charte d'Athènes, or The Athens Charter, a summary of ideas on urbanism generated by him and members of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne, or CIAM, over the last ten years.
- 1942 - Hector Guimard dies. Vichy rejects Le Corbusier's Obus E plan for Algiers.
- 1941 - Le Corbusier offers his services to the Vichy regime.
- 1940 - Peter Behrens dies.
1930s
- 1939 - The 1939 World's Fair in New York includes the Finnish Pavilion by Alvar Aalto and the Brazilian Pavilion by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
- 1938 - Wright begins to build Taliesin West, his winter home in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
- 1937 - Frank Lloyd Wright completes his seminal house Fallingwater, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania. The 1937 World's Fair in Paris showcases Nazi and Soviet architecture and Art Deco.
- 1936 - Frank Lloyd Wright designs his monumental inward-looking Johnson Wax Administration Center in Racine, Wisconsin. Le Corbusier travels to Brazil to collaborate with Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer on the Ministry of Health and Education in Rio de Janeiro.
- 1935 - Cass Gilbert's United States Supreme Court Building is posthumously finished.
- 1934 - Frank Lloyd Wright draws up plans for his Broadacre City, a decentralized urban metropolis. Cass Gilbert dies.
- 1933 - The Bauhaus closes under Nazi pressure. Adolf Loos dies.
- 1932 - The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York holds its exhibition on modern architecture, showcasing the accomplishments of Le Corbusier, Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Oud, and others, coining the term "International Style."
- 1931 - The Empire State Building, designed by Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon, becomes the tallest building in the world.
- 1930 - William Van Alen completes the Chrysler Building, an Art Deco skyscraper in New York. Le Corbusier formulates ideas for The Radiant City.
1920s
- 1929 - Barcelona Pavilion designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Le Corbusier designs the Villa Savoye in Poissy-sur-Seine, France.
- 1928 - Hector Guimard builds his last house in Paris. Cass Gilbert finishes the New York Life Insurance Building.
- 1927 - The Weissenhof Seidlung, an exhibition of apartment houses designed by leading modern architects, such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, J. J. P. Oud, and many others, held at Stuttgart, Germany. Mies van der Rohe designs the Tugendhat House at Brno, Czechoslovakia.
- 1926 - Antoni Gaudí and Louis Majorelle die.
- 1925 - Bauhaus at Dessau designed by Walter Gropius. The Exposition des Arts Decoratifs is held in Paris, and coins the term "Art Deco." Le Corbusier exhibits his Plan Voisin for Paris.
- 1924 - Gerrit Rietveld completes the Schröder House in Utrecht. in Competition for the Chicago Tribune Tower held; entrants include Adolf Loos, Walter Gropius, and others; the eventual winner is a Gothic Revival entry. Louis Sullivan dies.
- 1923 - Le Corbusier publishes Vers une architecture (English title: Towards A New Architecture), a summary of his ideas on modernity, industry, and architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright completes his Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, just in time for it to survive a massive earthquake.
- 1922 - Monument to the Third International designed by Vladimir Tatlin (unbuilt). Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's designs glass skyscraper projects for Berlin. Le Corbusier builds the Ozenfant House and studio in Paris, and exhibits the Contemporary City for Three Million Inhabitants.
- 1921 - Frank Lloyd Wright completes his Hollyhock House for Aline Barnsdall in Los Angeles, begun in 1917.
- 1920 -
1910s
- 1919 - Walter Gropius founds the Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany.
- 1918 -
- 1917 -
- 1916 - De Stijl movement founded in the Netherlands. Le Corbusier moves to Paris.
- 1915 - Le Corbusier completes studies for his Dom-ino Houses.
- 1914 - Taliesin is destroyed by fire and has to be rebuilt. Frank Lloyd Wright completes the Midway Gardens in Chicago. Walter Gropius designs his Fagus Shoe Factory. Sant'Elia publishes the Italian Futurist manifesto.
- 1913 - Cass Gilbert completes the Woolworth Building in New York, at the time the tallest building in the world. Guimard designs a synagogue in Paris, arguably his last true Art Nouveau building.
- 1912 - Frank Lloyd Wright begins work on Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Antonio Sant'Elia begins his Citta Nuova drawings.
- 1911 - Josef Hoffmann completes the Palais Stoclet in Brussels. Frank Lloyd Wright's work is first published in Europe by Ernst Wasmuth.
- 1910 - Gaudí finishes the Casa Milà in Barcelona. Le Corbusier works as an apprentice to the architect Peter Behrens in Berlin and meets Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, also working there. Behrens finishes his AEG High Tension Factory in Berlin. Loos completes the Steiner House in Vienna. Birth of Eero Saarinen.
1900s
- 1909 - Frank Lloyd Wright completes the Robie House near Chicago, a perfect example of his domestic work in the Prairie Style.
- 1908 - Adolf Loos publishes his essay "Ornament and Crime," which argues that the advancement of culture is connected with the elimination of ornament.
- 1907 - Gaudí completes the Casa Batlló in Barcelona. William Le Baron Jenney dies. Charles Eames and Oscar Niemeyer are born.
- 1906 - Wright builds Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois. Philip Johnson is born.
- 1905 -
- 1904 - Frank Lloyd Wright designs the Larkin Building in Buffalo, New York, the first large Prairie Style building. Louis Sullivan completes the Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. department store in downtown Chicago. Otto Wagner completes his Post Office Savings Bank Building in Vienna.
- 1903 - Louis Majorelle's house in Nancy, the Maison Majorelle, is completed by the architect Henri Sauvage. Josef Hoffmann finishes the Moser House in Vienna.
- 1902 - Otto Wagner's Viennese Stadtbahn railway system is completed. Lúcio Costa is born.
- 1901 - Peter Behrens completes his house at the Art Nouveau colony at Darmstadt, Germany.
- 1900 - The Paris Metropolitain subway opens, with entrances designed by Hector Guimard in 1899. Antoni Gaudí begins work on the Parc Güell, which he works on for the next fourteen years. The Gare d'Orsay, now the famous Musée d'Orsay, is built in Paris by Victor Laloux. Dankmar Adler dies.
1890s
- 1899 -
- 1898 - Art Nouveau architect Hector Guimard completes his Castel Beranger in Paris. Victor Horta designs his own house, now the Horta Museum, as well as the Hôtel van Eetvelde, in Brussels. Antoni Gaudí designs the chapel for the Colonia Güell near Barcelona.
- 1897 - Hendrik Berlage designs his Amsterdam Stock Exchange.
- 1896 -
- 1895 - The Biltmore Estate, the largest house in the USA, is completed for the Vanderbilt family in Asheville, North Carolina.
- 1894 - Louis Sullivan builds the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, NY, USA.
- 1893 - Victor Horta builds the first full-fledged Art Nouveau structure, the Hôtel Tassel, in Brussels. World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago. Frank Lloyd Wright builds his first private residence, the Winslow House, near Chicago.
- 1892 -
- 1891 - Louis Sullivan completes his famous Wainwright Building in Saint Louis. William Jenney completes the Second Leiter Building in Chicago.
- 1890 - Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler build the Auditorium Building in Chicago.
1880s
- 1889 - The 1889 Paris Exhibition showcases some of the new technologies of iron, steel, and glass, including the Eiffel Tower and the Galérie des Machines by Charles Louis Ferdinand Dutert and Victor Contamin. The École de Nancy begins to coalesce in Nancy, France.
- 1888 - The 1888 World's Fair in Barcelona displays many buildings by Domenech i Montaner and other Catalan architects.
- 1887 - Le Corbusier is born. H. H. Richardson's Marshall Field Store in Chicago is completed.
- 1886 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is born. H. H. Richardson dies.
- 1885 - William Le Baron Jenney builds the first metal-frame skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, in Chicago.
- 1884 - Gaudí is given the commission for the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, which he will work on until 1926.
- 1883 - Antoni Gaudí completes his Casa Vicens in Barcelona. H. H. Richardson completes his Crane Library in Massachusetts, USA. Louis Sullivan becomes a full partner with Dankmar Adler. Birth of Walter Gropius.
- 1882 -
- 1881 -
- 1880 -
1870s
- 1879 - Louis Sullivan joins Dankmar Adler's firm in Chicago.
- 1878 -
- 1877 -
- 1876 -
- 1875 - The Opéra Garnier is completed in Paris.
- 1874 -
- 1873 -
- 1872 -
- 1871 - The Great Chicago Fire destroys most of the city, sparking a building boom there.
- 1870 - Birth of Adolf Loos.
1860s
- 1869 -
- 1868 - Peter Behrens is born.
- 1867 - Frank Lloyd Wright is born. William Le Baron Jenney opens his architectural practice in Chicago.
- 1866 -
- 1865 -
- 1864 -
- 1863 - U. S. Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C., is completed.
- 1862 -
- 1861 - Victor Horta is born.
- 1860 - Construction on Longwood, the largest octagonal residence in the USA, is begun in Natchez, Mississippi; it will be halted the next year by the American Civil War.
1850s
- 1859 - Birth of Louis Majorelle and Cass Gilbert.
- 1858 -
- 1857 -
- 1856 - Louis Sullivan is born.
- 1855 -
- 1854 -
- 1853 -
- 1852 - Antoni Gaudí is born.
- 1851 - The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton.
- 1850 -
1840s
- 1849 -
- 1848 -
- 1847 -
- 1846 -
- 1845 -
- 1844 -
- 1843 -
- 1842 - The Église de la Madeleine is finally consecrated in Paris as a church.
- 1841 -
- 1840 -
1830s
- 1839 -
- 1838 -
- 1837 -
- 1836 -
- 1835 - The New Orleans Mint, Dahlonega Mint, and Charlotte Mint are all designed by William Strickland and begin producing coins in three years.
- 1834 -
- 1833 -
- 1832 - William Le Baron Jenney is born.
- 1831 -
- 1830 -
1820s
1810s
1800s
1790s
- 1799 -
- 1798 -
- 1797 -
- 1796 -
- 1795 -
- 1794 -
- 1793 - Old East, the oldest public university building in the USA, is erected on the campus of the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- 1792 -
- 1791 -
- 1790 -
1780s
1770s
1760s
- 1769 -
- 1768 -
- 1767 -
- 1766 -
- 1765 -
- 1764 - Construction begins on Church of the Madeleine in Paris.
- 1763 -
- 1762 -
- 1761 -
- 1760 -
1750s
Early 18th century
17th century
- 1690s - 1693: The city of Noto, Italy, on Sicily, is devastated by an earthquake, and a rebuilding program begins in the Baroque style.
- 1680s - 1680: Gianlorenzo Bernini dies.
- 1670s -
- 1660s - Louis XIV, with the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart, begins to enlarge the Palace of Versailles. 1667: Francesco Borromini commits suicide.
- 1650s -
- 1640s - 1645-1649: Bernini's project for the campaniles of St. Peter's Basilica. 1640s: Borromini builds the church St. Ivo della Sapienza.
- 1630s -
- 1620s - 1624: Bernini constructs the church of Santa Susanna in Rome.
- 1610s - 1612: Carlo Maderno begins an eight-year construction of the façade of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
- 1600s -
16th century
- 1590s - 1598: Bernini is born. 1599: Borromini is born.
- 1580s -
- 1570s -
- 1560s -
- 1550s -
- 1540s -
- 1530s -
- 1520s -
- 1510s -
- 1500s -
15th century
14th century
13th century
12th century
- 1190s - 1194: Construction begun on the present form of Chartres Cathedral after a fire.
- 1180s -
- 1170s -
- 1160s -
- 1150s -
- 1140s -
- 1130s -
- 1120s -
- 1110s -
- 1100s -
11th century
- 1090s - Durham Cathedral founded
- 1080s -
- 1070s -
- 1060s -
- 1050s -
- 1040s -
- 1030s -
- 1020s -
- 1010s -
- 1000s -
1st millennium AD
- 900s -
- 800s -
- 700s -
- 600s -
- 500s - Hagia Sophia built in its present form.
- 400s -
- 300s -
- 200s -
- 100s -
- 1-99 AD - 5: The Maison Carrée is built in Nimes, France. 69-80: Emperors Vespasian and Titus build the Colosseum in Rome.