April 1

From Academic Kids

April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining.

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Contents

1 Events

2 Births

3 Deaths

4 Holidays and observances

5 External links

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Events

527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
1318 - Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English
1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1854 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens magazine, Household Words.
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
1867 - Singapore becomes British crown colony.
1873 - The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago.
1918 - The Royal Flying Corps is replaced by the Royal Air Force.
1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch." However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes the book Mein Kampf.
1924 - First revenue flight for Belgium's Sabena Airlines
1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
1945 - World War II: Operation Iceberg - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
1946 - Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
1949 - Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada
1949 - Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1960 - The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
1970 - Phil Spector finishes the orchestral overdubs for the upcoming Beatles album, Let it Be, including the songs "Let it Be", "Across the Universe", and "The Long and Winding Road". This causes controversy among Beatles fans who feel that Phil Spector has overproduced the album.
1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
1970 - American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
1976 - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1979 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
1985 - David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
1996 - University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
2001 - Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
2001 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
2002 - The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
2003 - In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading "All your base are belong to us", "Someone set us up the bomb", and "You have no chance to survive make your time", based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
2004 - Google unveils their invitation-based email service Gmail.
2004 - George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and Ren� Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
2005 - Terri Schiavo dies of starvation two weeks after her feeding tube is removed, ending a 15-year legal battle that made headlines worldwide, over a person's right to die.

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Births

1578 - William Harvey, English physician (d. 1657)
1732 - Franz Josef Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
1776 - Sophie Germain, mathematician (d. 1831)
1815 - Otto von Bismarck, German politician (d. 1898)
1815 - Edward Clark, Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
1834 - James Fisk, entrepreneur (d. 1872)
1856 - Acacio Gabriel Viegas, famous doctor, president of the BMC. (d. 1933)
1865 - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1929)
1866 - Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1924)
1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1943)
1875 - Edgar Wallace, writer (d. 1932)
1883 - Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (d. 1930)
1885 - Wallace Beery, actor (d. 1949)
1895 - Alberta Hunter, singer (d. 1984)
1899 - Gustavs Celmins, politician (d. 1968)
1901 - Whittaker Chambers, Hiss case witness (d. 1961)
1906 - Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer and airplane designer (d. 1989)
1908 - Abraham Maslow, psychologist (d. 1970)
1914 - Jerome L. Walton. author
1915 - Otto Wilhelm Fischer, actor
1920 - Toshiro Mifune, actor (d. 1997)
1922 - William Manchester, writer (d. 2004)
1924 - Brendan Byrne, governor of New Jersey
1926 - Charles Bressler, American tenor
1926 - Anne McCaffrey, American author
1929 - Jane Powell, dancer, actress, singer
1929 - Milan Kundera, Czech writer
1929 - Bo Schembechler, American football coach
1930 - Grace Lee Whitney, American actress
1931 - Rolf Hochhuth, German writer
1932 - Gordon Jump, American television actor (d. 2003)
1932 - Debbie Reynolds, American actress
1934 - Rod Kanehl, Major League Baseball player (d. 2004)
1934 - Jim Ed Brown, American country music singer
1934 - Don Hastings, American actor
1935 - Larry McDonald, American politician (d. 1983)
1938 - Ali MacGraw, American actress
1939 - Phil Niekro, American baseball pitcher
1940 - Wangari Maathai, environmentalist
1942 - Samuel R. Delany, science fiction author
1942 - Annie Nightingale, British disc jockey
1946 - Ronnie Lane, British musician (The Small Faces, The Faces) (d. 1997)
1947 - Alain Connes, French mathematician
1948 - Jimmy Cliff, musician
1949 - Gil Scott-Heron, musician, composer
1952 - Annette O'Toole, American actress
1953 - Barry Sonnenfeld, producer, director
1955 - Ronnie Burk, artist and AIDS activist (d. 2003)
1965 - Mark Jackson, basketball player
1965 - Robert Steadman, composer
1970 - Sung Hi Lee, model
1971 - Method Man, musician
1972 - Allen and Albert Hughes, American film directors
1980 - Randy Orton, professional wrestler
1981 - Hannah Spearritt, British singer (S Club 7)
1959 - Stephane Pirard, language-obsessed, dented teacher

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Deaths

1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II of England (b. c. 1122)
1637 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese daimyo and retainer (b. 1571)
1839 - Benjamin Pierce (b. 1757)
1872 - Frederick Maurice, English theologian (b. 1805)
1878- John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian politician (b. 1796)
1914 - Rube Waddell, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1876)
1917 - Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (b. 1868)
1922 - Emperor Karl of Austria (b. 1887)
1946 - Noah Beery, actor (b. 1882)
1947 - King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
1950 - Charles R. Drew, physician (b. 1904)
1966 - Flann O'Brien, humorist (b. 1911)
1968 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist (b. 1908)
1976 - Max Ernst, German artist (b. 1891)
1984 - Marvin Gaye, singer (b. 1939)
1988 - Joe Besser, American actor and comedian
1988 - Jim Jordan, American actor
1991 - Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1894)
1994 - L�on Degrelle, Belgian Nazi (b. 1906)
1993 - Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (b. 1954)
1996 - John McSherry, American baseball umpire
1998 - Rozz Williams, musician (Christian Death) (b. 1963)
1998 - Gene Evans, American actor
2001 - Trinh Cong Son, Vietnamese songwriter (b. 1939)
2003 - Leslie Cheung, actor and singer (b. 1956)
2003 - Hyosuke Kujiraoka, Japanese politician
2004 - Carrie Snodgress, American actress (b. 1946)
2005 - Cheryl Barrymore, wife and agent of Michael Barrymore (lung cancer)
2005 - Harald Juhnke, German entertainer (b. 1929)
2005 - Jack Keller, songwriter
2005 - Robert Coldwell Wood, American university president and political appointee

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Holidays and observances

April 1 is known as April Fool's Day or All Fools' Day in many countries.
Feast day of Saint Hugh in the Roman Catholic Church calendar
Roman Empire - Veneralia celebrated to honor Venus
Japan - The official start of school years in most universities and schools. Also, the official First Day of Work at companies and offices for new university graduates hires, marked by welcoming ceremonies and speeches.
India - Start of financial year.
Brielle celebrates victory of 1572 over Spaniards.
In San Marino, two Captains Regent, elected by Parliament, take office for six months
Date that bobhouses, used for ice-fishing, must be taken off frozen lakes in New Hampshire.
Fortuna Virilis (Old Roman Women's Festival to Venus, seeking good relations with men)
Loki's Day (Norse)
Islamic Republic Day (Iran)
EOKA Day (Greece)
San Marino National Day
Tater Days begin (Kentucky)
St. Lasarus' Day (patron of spring, love, Bulgaria)
St. Mary of Egypt's Day (Eastern)