Background: The Falkland Islands were first seen by Davis
in 1592, and Sir Richard Hawkins
sailed along their north shore in 1594.
In 1598, Sebald de Weert, a Dutchman,
visted them and called them the Sebald Islands, a name which they bore on some
Dutch maps into the 19th century. Captain John Strong sailed between the two principal
islands in 1690, and called the
passage Falkland Sound, and from this the island group afterwards took its English
name. In 1763 the islands were
taken possession of by the French, who established a colony at Port Louis on Berkely
Sound; they were however expelled by the Spaniards in 1767
or 1768. In 1761,
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Commander Byron took
possession on the part of Britain
on the ground of prior discovery, and his doing so was nearly the cause of a war
between Britain and Spain, both
countries having armed fleets to contest the barren but strategically important
sovereignty (like the Mascarene
Islands but without their intrinsic resources, it was well placed as a base
for pirate and privateer
raids). On January 22,
1771, however, Spain yielded the
islands to Great
Britain by convention. As they had not been actually colonised by Britain,
the republic of Buenos Aires (Argentina)
claimed the group in 1820 and
formed a penal settlement at Port Louis which initially promised to be fairly
successful until a mutiny turned it into an actual or potential pirate base. Thus
Argentina lost that part of its claim from being in actual and effective possession
(since the mutineers were). Owing to some misunderstanding or correct understanding
of the risk by the Americans the mutinous settlement was destroyed by the latter
in 1831. After all these vicissitudes,
the British flag was once more hoisted at Port Louis on January
3, 1833 with the establishment
of a naval garrison and civilian settlement there to prevent the strategic location
again being compromised. The strategic significance was confirmed by its becoming
the location of the second
major naval engagement of the First World War.
Falklands War - Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April, 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June, 1982.
Early history added from the ninth edition of an encyclopedia (1879) and other sources
