Cable-stayed bridge
A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more pillars located in the middle of the span, with cables supporting the roadbed. A two-pillar cable-stayed bridge may appear similar to a suspension bridge, but in fact is very different in operation (one-pillar cable-stayed bridges and versions with three or more pillar have also been constructed).In the suspension bridge, a large cable is strung between two (or more) pillars, forming the primary load bearing structure. The cables experience tension from crossing the gap, the weight of the cable itself is the primary load. Smaller cables, or rods, are then suspended on the main cable, and used to support the load of the roadbed.
In the cable-stayed bridge, the pillars form the primary load bearing structure. Some use of a cantilever approach is often used for support of the roadbed near the pillars, but areas further from them are supported by cables running directly to the tops of the pillars. This had the disadvantage, compared to the suspension bridge, that the cables pull to the sides as opposed to directly up, requiring the roadbed to be stronger to resist these loads.
The cable-stay design has a particular sweet spot, it is used for spans shorter than what a suspension bridge would be used, and longer than cantilevers or other designs. This sweet spot exists because the suspension bridge requires considerably more cable overall, while a full cantilever would require considerably more material in the roadbed.
Examples of cable-stayed bridges
- Le Pont de Normandie - spanning River Seine between Honfleur and Le Havre, northern France
- Queen Elizabeth II Bridge - spanning River Thames at Dartford Crossing, Kent
- Second Severn Crossing - River Severn estuary between England and Wales
- Dee River Crossing (Pont Sur Y Fflint) - near Shotton, north Wales (largest asymmetric cable-stayed crossing in UK)
- Delaware 1 - spanning the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal near St. Georges, Delaware
- Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge - spanning Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts