E N C Y C L O P E D I A

Brain Stem

The brain stem is the stalk of the brain below the cerebral hemispheres. It is the major route for communication between the forebrain and the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. It also controls various functions including respiration and regulation of heart rhythms.

The lower part of the brain stem is the medulla oblongata. The pons is a knob on the brainstem.

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