E N C Y C L O P E D I A

Antarctica

Antarctica is a continent surrounding the Earth's South Pole. It is the coldest place on earth and is almost entirely covered by ice. It is not to be confused with the arctic, which is located near the Earth's North Pole. Antarctica has no permanent residents, but a number of governments maintain permanent research stations on the continent. Many of the stations are staffed around the year. These include:

Antarctica was discovered in late January 1820. For more details see the article on the History of Antarctica.

Table of contents
1 Map
2 Territorial claims
3 Additional topics
4 External links

Map

See also: World map

Territorial claims

Old claims:
  • German: 20°E to 10°W; Overlapped Norwegian claim; Claimed: 1939-1945.
  • South African: xxx°y to xxx°y; Claimed: 1963-1994.

The Antarctic Treaty defers these claims and most other nations do not recognize them. No other nations have made claims themselves, although the United States and Russia assert the right to do so. No formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west.

Typical for Antarctica are gigantic table-top icebergs. The continent is surrounded by a large pack ice zone, in which one of the most remarkable ecosystems of the planet developed, based on the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. It is the food of whales, penguins, fish, sealss and many birds.


(photo Uwe Kils) from [1])

Satellite image - Large version

Additional topics

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This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
   

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