Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: علی‌اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی), was President of Iran from 1989 to 1997, and the only president of Iran that has stepped down willingly (Bani-Sadr was impeached, Rajai was assasinated, and Khamenei was promoted to Supreme Leader).

Hashemi Rafsanjani is currently the head of the Islamic Republic's "Expediency Discernment Council" (Persian: مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام), that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians and advices the supreme leader on matters of national policy.